Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes direct replication from conceptual replication?
What distinguishes direct replication from conceptual replication?
- There is no significant difference between direct replication and conceptual replication.
- Direct replication aims to reproduce the original experiment closely, whereas conceptual replication explores the same question with different procedures. (correct)
- Direct replication uses different procedures, while conceptual replication uses the same procedures.
- Direct replication tests new variables, and conceptual replication repeats the original study.
Which of the following statements about replications is accurate?
Which of the following statements about replications is accurate?
- Replications always produce identical results to the original study.
- Conceptual replications introduce new variables while keeping procedures the same.
- Direct replications cannot replicate every detail of the original study. (correct)
- Replication studies never face issues with sample differences.
What is a primary strength of conducting a meta-analysis?
What is a primary strength of conducting a meta-analysis?
- Meta-analyses can eliminate the need for original research.
- They guarantee the findings of all studies included are peer-reviewed.
- They can mathematically average results from various studies to provide a clearer understanding of evidence. (correct)
- They only include published studies to avoid biases introduced by unpublished data.
What is the file drawer problem in the context of meta-analysis?
What is the file drawer problem in the context of meta-analysis?
In what way might a replication study fail to yield the same results as the original study?
In what way might a replication study fail to yield the same results as the original study?
What is a potential weakness of conducting a meta-analysis?
What is a potential weakness of conducting a meta-analysis?
What does the term 'replication-plus-extension' refer to?
What does the term 'replication-plus-extension' refer to?
What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research?
What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research?
Flashcards
Direct Replication
Direct Replication
Researchers repeat an original study as closely as possible to see if the same effect occurs in newly collected data.
Conceptual Replication
Conceptual Replication
Researchers explore the same research question but with different procedures. The core concept remains the same, but the methods change.
Replication Plus Extension
Replication Plus Extension
When replicating a study, researchers add variables to test new questions beyond the original study.
Scientific Literature
Scientific Literature
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Literature Review
Literature Review
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Meta-Analysis
Meta-Analysis
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File Drawer Problem
File Drawer Problem
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Meta-Analysis Limitations
Meta-Analysis Limitations
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Study Notes
Replication in Research
- Direct replication: Researchers repeat an original study as closely as possible to see if the effect is the same using newly collected data.
- A direct replication may not replicate the initial study because of differences in every detail of the experiment.
- Researchers may try to reproduce the original experiment as closely as possible.
- Conceptual replication: Researchers explore the same research question using different procedures.
- The conceptual variables in a study are the same, but the procedures for operationalizing the variables are different.
- Replication plus extension: Researchers replicate a study and then add variables to test additional research questions.
Why a Study May Not Be Replicable
- Issues with the study design itself
- Differences in sample, materials, or geography in direct replications.
Meta-Analysis
- Meta-analysis is a way to look at the literature on a given topic.
- It combines and analyzes the results of multiple similar studies, which is often done mathematically.
- Using both published and unpublished data to test similar variables.
- The analysis mathematically averages the results across the combined studies to identify the weight of evidence for the topic.
- The meta-analysis conclusions combine findings from a range of individual studies.
Strengths of Meta-Analysis
- Meta-analyses usually include data from published empirical studies.
- This means that data have likely been peer-reviewed and assessed, making the studies more reliable.
Weaknesses of Meta-Analysis
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File drawer problem: The idea that meta-analyses might overestimate the true size of an effect because effects that don't support the main hypothesis may not be included in the data collection process.
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Meta-analysis is only as good as the data collected.
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