Reoviruses

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Questions and Answers

What is the etymology of Family : Reoviridae? (Hint: REO)

Reo from Respiratroy enteric orphan

What is a distinguishing structural feature of reoviruses?

Single-stranded RNA genome
Three concentric layers in the viral particle (correct)
Enveloped virus with helical symmetry
A circular DNA genome

What type of genetic material is found in reoviruses?

Single-stranded DNA
Single-stranded RNA
Segmented double-stranded RNA (correct)
Circular double-stranded DNA

Which of the following is true about genetic reassortment in reoviruses?

It occurs between viruses within a genus or serogroup (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which genus of the subfamily Sedoreovirinae includes African horse sickness virus?

Orbivirus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary host for African horse sickness virus?

Horses and mules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals are natural hosts for Bluetongue virus?

Sheep, cattle, deer, and wild ruminants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disease associated with rotavirus infections?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about rotavirus is true?

It primarily affects young mammals and birds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which genus in the Spinareovirinae subfamily includes avian reoviruses?

Orthoreovirus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disease caused by avian reovirus in birds?

Arthritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is Bluetongue?

Non-contagious, insect-borne viral disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are the most susceptible to Bluetongue virus (BTV)?

Sheep, particularly fine wool and mutton breeds, and some species of deer (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is Bluetongue primarily transmitted?

Biting midges of the Culicoides genus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Blue tongue disease is classified as a “List A” disease

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the less significant routes of Bluetongue transmission?

Trans-placental and venereal transmission (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key pathological effect of Bluetongue virus in sheep?

Damage to vascular endothelium leading to intravascular coagulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical finding of Bluetongue virus infection in sheep?

Severe diarrhea and dehydration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the characteristic "Bluetongue" appearance in infected sheep?

Cyanosis due to vascular damage and poor oxygenation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is used for the prevention of Bluetongue?

Attenuated live virus vaccine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important limitation of Bluetongue vaccines?

They are generally serotype-specific (B) Signup and view all the answers

Culicoides have nocturnal feeding habits, so it’s best to keep animals indoors during the night time.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is African Horse Sickness (AHS)?

Infectious, non-contagious, arthropod-borne viral disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can dogs contract African Horse Sickness?

By ingesting carcass material from horses that died of AHS (C) Signup and view all the answers

AHS is also a List A disease to the OIE

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is African Horse Sickness enzootic?

Sub-Saharan Africa (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which species serves as an asymptomatic reservoir host for African Horse Sickness?

Zebras (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key clinical sign of acute (pulmonary) African Horse Sickness (Dunkop form)?

Blood-stained frothy nasal discharge (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of subacute (cardiac) African Horse Sickness (Dikkop form)?

Organ edema and petechiae (B) Signup and view all the answers

Low mortality rate is noted in AHS

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common method of African Horse Sickness prevention and control?

Antibiotic treatment of infected animals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is slaughtering sick or viremic animals considered a control measure for African Horse Sickness?

To prevent further arthropod-mediated transmission (A) Signup and view all the answers

Rotavirus is not zoonotic

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major causes of severe viral diarrhea in young mammals and birds?

Rotaviruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

How are rotaviruses classified into different groups?

Based on differences in their VP6 protein and VP6 gene (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which rotavirus group is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in young animals and birds?

RVA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely route of rotavirus transmission?

Fecal-oral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of rotaviruses?

They are mainly spread through vector-borne transmission (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where does rotavirus primarily replicate in the body?

Mature enterocytes on the villi of the upper small intestine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of rotavirus infection?

Severe neurological symptoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long do uncomplicated cases of rotavirus infection usually take to recover?

3-4 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccines are available for rotavirus?

Equine RV vaccine, Bovine RV vaccine, and Guardian (B) Signup and view all the answers

What disease does avian reovirus primarily cause in chickens?

Viral arthritis/tenosynovitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of transmission for avian reovirus?

Fecal-oral route, transovarial transmission, and inhalation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key pathological finding in avian reovirus infection?

Ruptured gastrocnemius tendon (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does avian reovirus localize to cause arthritis?

Hock joint (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key prevention strategy for avian reovirus in newly hatched chicks?

Passive immunity from maternal antibodies following breeder hen vaccination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of vaccination against avian reovirus?

To provide immunity to chicks immediately after hatching (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Family Reoviridae etymology?

Reo stands for Respiratory enteric orphan, describing the viruses' initial discovery and location.

Reovirus structural feature?

Reoviruses are characterized by having three concentric protein layers in their viral particle structure.

Reovirus genetic material?

Reoviruses contain segmented double-stranded RNA as their genetic material, allowing for genetic reassortment.

Reovirus genetic reassortment?

Genetic reassortment in reoviruses occurs between viruses within the same genus or serogroup, increasing genetic diversity.