Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources

NU LiPa Overview

• NU LiPa is a university established in 1900.
• Its mission is to provide education that works.
• The university is located in Lipa, Philippines.

Power Generation

• Power generation (electricity generation) is the process of creating electric power from sources of primary energy.
• A power plant is an industrial facility that produces electricity from primary power sources.

Renewable Energy Sources

• Renewable energy sources include solar, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and wind energy.

Non-renewable Energy Sources

• Fossil fuel oil, coal, and natural gas are non-renewable energy sources.
• Nuclear energy is also a non-renewable energy source, although the fuel is sourced from naturally occurring elements.

Different Types of Power Plants

• Coal-fired
• Gas-fired
• Oil-fired
• Nuclear
• Geothermal
• Hydroelectric
• Solar
• Wind
• Tidal
• Biomass

Coal-Fired Power Plant

• Coal is the primary fuel source.
• Coal is pulverized and burned, creating steam.
• The steam turns turbines, generating electricity.
• Cooling towers are used to condense the steam.

Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant

• Natural gas is the primary fuel.
• Natural gas is burned, creating steam.
• Steam turns turbines, generating electricity.

Oil-Fired Power Plant

• Oil is the primary fuel source.
• Oil is burned, creating steam.
• Steam interacts with turbines to produce electricity.

Diesel Power Plant

• Diesel is burned to generate steam or power turbines for electricity generation.

Nuclear Power Plant

• Fission of uranium (U-235) generates heat for creating steam.
• Steam creates electricity via the turbine.

Hydroelectric Power Plant

• Dams are used to store water.
• Water flows through turbines to generate electricity.

Geothermal Power Plant

• Hot water reservoirs within Earth are tapped.
• The water turns to steam which spins turbines, generating electricity.

Solar Power Plant

• Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.

Wind Power Plant

• Wind turns turbines, creating electricity.

Tidal Power Plant

• Tidal currents are used to power turbines and generate electricity.

Biomass Power Plant

• Biomass (organic matter) is burned to create steam and generate electricity.

Thermal Power Plant

• Thermal power plants are the most common type of power plant worldwide.
• They generate electricity by converting heat energy into electrical energy by using a variety of fuels including coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear power.
• This is done by using a high-pressure steam to spin turbines to generate electricity.

Key Thermal Power Plant Components/Processes

• Fuel Combustion: Burning fuel creates heat.
• Boiler System: High-pressure steam.
• Steam Turbine: Steam's energy spins turbine blades.
• Generator: Mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy.
• Cooling System: Condensing steam back into liquid.
• Power Distribution: Distributing the generated power for use.

Thermal Power Plant Operation, Location, and Fuel

• Thermal power plants function using the Modified Rankine Cycle.
• They are sited near coal, water, and transport facilities to make access easy.
• They usually operate on coal as a fuel source.

Nuclear Power Plant Operation

• Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission (Uranium-235).
• They are generally located away from populated areas to reduce risks.
• Uranium fuel is used as the initial power source.

Hydro Power Plant Operation and Location

• Hydropower plants convert water's potential energy into kinetic energy (using dams).
• These plants are usually placed in mountainous areas where dams are easier to construct for water storage.

Renewable Energy Plant Efficiency

• Wind turbines: 30-45% efficiency
• Geothermal plants: 35% efficiency
• Biomass & Biogas plants: 45% efficiency
• Solar plants: 20-12% efficiency
• Tidal plants: 80-90% efficiency

Comparison of Power Plants

• The study presents comparisons of different power plants in several aspects (initial cost, running cost, fuel availability, site requirements, load factor, efficiency).

Types of Power Plants in the Philippines (as of 2023)

• Number of power plants of each type are presented based on their location (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao).

Power Mix 2020

• Breakdown for different sources of energy that are used in the country in 2020.

Base Load and Peak Load Power Plants

• Defines base loads and peak loads for power plants.
• Differences, including examples of power plants associated with each type.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy Sources

• Identifies advantages and disadvantages of each renewable energy source (Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass, Tidal, Hydropower)