Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the consequence of H+ moving into the interstitial space when the plasma is too acidic?
What is the consequence of H+ moving into the interstitial space when the plasma is too acidic?
- Increased reabsorption of K+
- No impact on K+ levels
- Decreased secretion of K+ (correct)
- Increased secretion of K+
Why are the organic ion secretory systems in the proximal tubule important?
Why are the organic ion secretory systems in the proximal tubule important?
- To decrease blood pH
- To excrete poorly soluble organic ions (correct)
- To reduce water reabsorption
- To increase glucose reabsorption
What is the main function of actively adding more organic ions to the tubular fluid?
What is the main function of actively adding more organic ions to the tubular fluid?
- To decrease excretion of organic ions
- To increase glomerular filtration rate
- To reduce biological activity of chemical messengers (correct)
- To increase carrier protein concentration
What happens to poorly soluble organic ions that are bound to carrier proteins in the plasma?
What happens to poorly soluble organic ions that are bound to carrier proteins in the plasma?
Which statement best describes the role of organic ion secretory systems in the proximal tubule?
Which statement best describes the role of organic ion secretory systems in the proximal tubule?
Why is actively adding more organic ions to the tubular fluid important?
Why is actively adding more organic ions to the tubular fluid important?
Which substance is often used as an example to calculate plasma clearance and estimate glomerular filtration rate?
Which substance is often used as an example to calculate plasma clearance and estimate glomerular filtration rate?
What is the primary reason why inulin is difficult to use and not commonly used clinically?
What is the primary reason why inulin is difficult to use and not commonly used clinically?
Which substance is typically used clinically to determine glomerular filtration rate due to its relatively steady plasma concentration?
Which substance is typically used clinically to determine glomerular filtration rate due to its relatively steady plasma concentration?
What is the estimated plasma clearance rate for inulin based on the provided calculation?
What is the estimated plasma clearance rate for inulin based on the provided calculation?
What is the main role of inulin in estimating glomerular filtration rate?
What is the main role of inulin in estimating glomerular filtration rate?
Why is creatine preferred over inulin for clinical use in determining glomerular filtration rate?
Why is creatine preferred over inulin for clinical use in determining glomerular filtration rate?
What is the primary responsibility of the proximal tubule in the nephron?
What is the primary responsibility of the proximal tubule in the nephron?
How are organic ions highly bound to carrier proteins excreted?
How are organic ions highly bound to carrier proteins excreted?
What does the removal of foreign compounds from the body primarily involve?
What does the removal of foreign compounds from the body primarily involve?
Which nephron portion determines the final amounts of H2O, Na+, K+, and H+ that will be eliminated by the body?
Which nephron portion determines the final amounts of H2O, Na+, K+, and H+ that will be eliminated by the body?
In what manner are organic ions highly bound to carrier proteins removed from the body?
In what manner are organic ions highly bound to carrier proteins removed from the body?
Which renal process is responsible for transferring much of the filtered water and needed solutes back into the blood?
Which renal process is responsible for transferring much of the filtered water and needed solutes back into the blood?
Flashcards
Consequence of H+ in interstitial space (acidic plasma)
Consequence of H+ in interstitial space (acidic plasma)
Reduced K+ secretion
Proximal tubule organic ion systems
Proximal tubule organic ion systems
Excrete poorly soluble organic ions
Adding organic ions to tubular fluid
Adding organic ions to tubular fluid
Reduces biological activity of messengers
Plasma poorly soluble organic ions
Plasma poorly soluble organic ions
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Organic ion secretory systems (proximal tubule)
Organic ion secretory systems (proximal tubule)
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Inulin use in plasma clearance
Inulin use in plasma clearance
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Clinical GFR measurement
Clinical GFR measurement
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Inulin plasma clearance (estimated)
Inulin plasma clearance (estimated)
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Inulin's role in GFR estimation
Inulin's role in GFR estimation
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Creatine advantage over inulin
Creatine advantage over inulin
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Proximal tubule's role
Proximal tubule's role
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Organic ion excretion (highly bound)
Organic ion excretion (highly bound)
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Foreign compound removal
Foreign compound removal
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Collecting duct role
Collecting duct role
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Organic ion removal (carrier protein)
Organic ion removal (carrier protein)
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Primary renal reabsorption process
Primary renal reabsorption process
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Study Notes
Substances that are Filtered, Not Reabsorbed
- Inulin is an exogenous carbohydrate found in onions and garlic, freely filtered, but neither reabsorbed nor secreted.
- Inulin's plasma clearance is used to estimate glomerular filtration rate.
- Clearance rate for inulin = (30 mg/ml urine x 1.25 ml urine/min) / 0.3 mg/ml plasma = 125 ml/min.
Substances that are Filtered and Reabsorbed
- The proximal tubule is responsible for most of the reabsorption of filtered water and needed solutes back into the blood in an unregulated fashion.
- The distal and collecting tubules determine the final amounts of H2O, Na+, K+, and H+ that will be eliminated by the body through processes that are subject to control.
Substances that are Filtered and Secreted, Not Reabsorbed
- The proximal tubule contains two types of secretory carriers, one for organic anions and another for organic cations.
- These organic ion secretory systems are important for:
- Increasing Excretion: Actively adding more organic ions to the tubular fluid, increasing the amount of the organic ion excreted.
- Excreting Poorly Soluble Organic Ions: Many organic ions are not very soluble and circulate within the plasma bound to carrier proteins.
- Removing Foreign Compounds: The kidneys remove foreign organic ions, such as food additives, drugs, pesticides, and environmental pollutants, but there are no regulatory mechanisms to increase their removal if necessary.
Transport Across the Proximal and Distal Nephron
- When the plasma is too acidic, H+ move into the interstitial space and are transported into the epithelial cell, leading to less K+ secretion and potentially high levels of K+.
- The proximal tubule transfers much of the filtered water and needed solutes back into the blood in an unregulated fashion.
- The distal and collecting tubules determine the final amounts of H2O, Na+, K+, and H+ that will be eliminated by the body through processes that are subject to control.
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Description
Explore the process of renal tubular secretion, including the removal of small, unbound fractions of organic ions and excretion of highly bound organic ions. Learn how foreign organic ions are also eliminated from the body, including food additives, drugs, pesticides, and pollutants.
