23 Questions
What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys?
Nephrons
Which structure forms a high-pressure capillary bed in the nephron?
Glomerulus
What is the main function of the peritubular capillary bed in the nephron?
Reabsorption of water and solutes
Which of the following is not a component of the filtrate produced by the nephron?
Red blood cells
What is the primary mechanism by which water is carried in the nephron to regulate osmotic equilibrium?
Osmosis
What are the subdivisions of the renal tubule in a nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop, Distal convoluted tubule
In which part of the renal tubule does water reabsorption become decoupled from solute reabsorption?
Nephron loop
Where in the kidney does reabsorption of all the glucose, bicarbonate, amino acids, metabolites, and ⅔ of Na+ occur?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing water from the isotonic filtrate and resulting in an increase in salt concentration?
Descending loop of Henle
In which segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle does Na+ move passively down the concentration gradient?
Thin segment
What is the main means of Na+ entry at the apical surface in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter
What plays a vital role in the kidneys’ ability to form dilute or concentrated urine?
Water reabsorption decoupling
Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the collecting tubule and duct?
ADH (vasopressin)
Which part of the nephron reabsorbs nearly all of the uric acid and about half of the urea, but both are later secreted back into the filtrate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where in the nephron does water reabsorption become decoupled from solute reabsorption?
Nephron loop
In which segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle does Na+ move passively down the concentration gradient?
Thin segment
Where does reabsorption of water from the isotonic filtrate result in a 3-fold increase in salt concentration?
Descending loop of Henle
Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the collecting tubule and duct?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the primary mechanism by which Na+ enters the cell in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Active transport
In which part of the nephron does fine-tuned reabsorption occur based on the body’s needs?
Collecting Duct
Which part of the nephron is a diluting region and the site of action of loop diuretics?
Descending loop of Henle
Which hormone increases the synthesis of Na+ channels and Na+/K+ ATPase pump in the collecting tubule and duct?
Aldosterone
Where does most filtered water and solutes get reabsorbed by the time it reaches?
Collecting Duct
Explore the structural and functional units of the kidneys known as nephrons, including the components such as glomerulus, glomerular capsule, and renal tubules. Delve into the internal gross anatomy of the renal system and its role in human physiology.
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