Renal System Anatomy and Functions Quiz

True (A)

Urea and uric acid

<p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion = Removal of waste products from the body Elimination = Discharge of waste products into the environment Homeostatic Regulation = Regulation of fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hilus/hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal corpuscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent arteriole = Carries blood away from the glomerulus Efferent arteriole = Carries blood to the glomerulus Glomerulus = A network of capillaries within Bowman's capsule Bowman's capsule = A cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus Filtration membrane = A specialized membrane within the glomerulus that filters blood plasma into Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The narrow lumen of the efferent arteriole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Podocytes create filtration slits that prevent the passage of large molecules, helping to form the filtrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal corpuscle = Production of filtrate Proximal convoluted tubule = Reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients Loop of Henle = Reabsorption of water and ions Distal convoluted tubule = Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins; Variable reabsorption of water, Na+ and Ca2+ Collecting duct = Variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption/secretion of Na+, K+, H+ and HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent arterioles carry blood to the glomerulus, while efferent arterioles carry blood away from the glomerulus. Their constriction and dilation regulate blood flow and pressure within the glomerulus, influencing filtration rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The renal tubules are responsible for modifying the filtrate to ultimately form urine through processes of reabsorption and secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>macula densa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal pelvis = Junction of the renal pelvis and ureter Pelvic brim = Where the ureter crosses the pelvic brim Urethral entrance = Neck of the bladder Urinary meatus = External opening of the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Where the ureter enters the kidney (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The urinary bladder functions as a temporary storage reservoir for urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>trigone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urethral sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male urethra is significantly longer than the female urethra; it is approximately 20 cm long, while the female urethra is only 3.8 cm long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stretch receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, resulting in more concentrated urine. It also plays a role in regulating blood pressure by constricting blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Includes excretion, elimination, and homeostatic regulation.

Removal of organic waste products from the body.

Regulates fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and pH.

Regulate blood volume, plasma electrolytes, pH, conserve nutrients, and eliminate wastes.

Includes substances like urea and uric acid eliminated by kidneys.

Kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column at L1 level.

The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the liver's size.

A fibrous capsule that covers the kidney, providing protection.

The entrance of the kidney that transmits blood vessels and nerves.

The outer layer of the kidney where filtration begins.

Inner structures of the kidney that help in urine formation.

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood.

The barrier in the glomerulus that allows plasma to enter Bowman’s capsule.

A nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

The renal corpuscle includes Bowman's capsule and glomerulus; it produces filtrate.

Part of the nephron where reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients occurs.

A U-shaped section of the nephron involved in further reabsorption of water, Na+, and Cl-.

Part of the nephron involved in secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and variable reabsorption.

Tube that conducts urine to the minor calyx, involved in reabsorption and secretion.

The process by which blood plasma is filtered in the renal corpuscle.

A long tube where major processes occur, including urine formation.

Hormone that regulates Na+ absorption and K+ exchange in kidneys.

Part of the kidney that finalizes urine composition through ducts.

Structure regulating blood pressure and filtration in kidneys.

Muscular tubes conveying urine from kidneys to bladder.

Hollow muscular organ that temporarily stores urine.

Smooth triangular area in bladder formed by ureter openings.

Muscle layer that compresses bladder during urination.

Smooth muscle controlling urine discharge from bladder.

Tube carrying urine from bladder to the outside.

20 cm tube for urine and semen; has three parts.

Reflex that coordinates urination by bladder contractions.

Muscle valves that control urine flow from the bladder.

Structure that funnels urine from the renal calyces to the ureter.

Folds in bladder lining that allow for expansion.

Narrow spots in the ureters important for stone blockage.