Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is a cause of acute hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is a response to decreased plasma calcium levels?
What is a key factor in magnesium homeostasis?
What is the normal range for ECF potassium (K+) concentration?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of K+ is intracellular?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical fractional excretion of K+ (FEK) with normal dietary intake?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does 70% of K+ get reabsorbed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone primarily regulates K+ balance in the distal collecting duct?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does acidosis have on K+ secretion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the plasma K+ level for hypokalemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medical treatment for acute hyperkalemia stabilizes cardiac membrane potential?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of β2 agonists in treating acute hyperkalemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following stimulates aldosterone secretion in response to increased serum K+?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of thiazide and loop diuretics on potassium balance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of insulin on potassium movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of free ionized Ca++ in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which form of calcium is not filtered into the interstitial fluid or glomerulus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common urinary calculi formed from calcium?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates calcium reabsorption from the distal tubule in response to low plasma calcium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) at the kidney in response to low plasma calcium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of calcium reabsorption regulated in the thick ascending limb (TAL)?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect do loop diuretics have on divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of compensatory response to low effective circulating volume in the renal system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of free ionized magnesium in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is approximately 65% of magnesium reabsorption regulated?
Signup and view all the answers
In which form is approximately 50% of plasma magnesium present?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of loop diuretics on magnesium excretion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of high tubular flow at the macula densa?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates renin release in the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ADH to low effective circulating volume?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does angiotensin II have on renal perfusion pressure and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of aldosterone on water and potassium balance?
Signup and view all the answers
What stimulates renin secretion in the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
What activates nitric oxide synthase to produce Nitric Oxide (NO) in the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the coupling factor for renin secretion in the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ADH in response to low effective circulating volume?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II on renal perfusion pressure and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of aldosterone on water and potassium balance?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Renal Regulation of Blood Pressure
- Low effective circulating volume may not correspond to low total body volume
- Examples of edema of varying etiologies: congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis
- With normal circulating volumes, activity of renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, and sympathetic nerves is generally low
- Kidneys regulate blood pressure by affecting Na+ and H2O balance
- Tubuloglomerular feedback stimulates renin release
- High tubular flow is sensed at the macula densa
- High tubular flow activates nitric oxide synthase to produce Nitric Oxide (NO) which leads to vessel relaxation/dilation
- Renin secretion is coupled to the renal baroreceptor
- Renin is released in response to low perfusion and low Na+
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + ADH responds to low effective circulating volume
- Angiotensin II increases renal perfusion pressure and ECF volume
- Aldosterone causes H2O retention and K+ excretion
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the renal regulation of blood pressure with questions on the role of renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, and other mechanisms involved in maintaining blood pressure balance in the body.