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Renal Physiology: Water and Sodium Regulation by the Kidneys

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Renal Physiology: Water and Sodium Regulation by the Kidneys

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of water reabsorption from kidney tubules?

Active transport

Solvent drag

Facilitated diffusion

Passive transport (correct)

Which of the following solutes is typically transported by diffusion?

Urea

Glucose (correct)

Sodium ions

Potassium ions

What is the typical rate of urine output in a normal individual?

0.5 ml/min

1 ml/min (correct)

2 ml/min

5 ml/min

What is the primary function of the renal tubule?

To reabsorb water and solutes from the tubular fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following transport mechanisms is influenced by the electrical gradient?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where solutes are transported from their area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force for water reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Transcellular osmotic gradient Signup and view all the answers

Through which route does water pass in the proximal tubule?

Through both transcellular and paracellular routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of filtered water reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

65% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following solutes is osmotically most active?

Na+ and Cl− Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Na+ -H+ antiport in the proximal tubule?

It contributes to the transfer of Na+ from tubular fluid into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

Transcellular and paracellular pathways Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolality of the interstitial fluid in the proximal tubule?

293 mosm/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the accumulation of water in the interstitial space?

Increased hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the B-Loop of Henle is impermeable to water?

Ascending limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aquaporin 1 in the proximal tubule?

It forms water channels in the cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of filtered NaCl reabsorbed by the B-Loop of Henle?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Why does the fluid in the terminal part of the descending limb become hypertonic?

Water moves out of the tubule to enter the interstitial space Signup and view all the answers