34 Questions
Where are the kidneys located?
Between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae
What is the composition of the nephron?
Glomerulus, proximal tubule, hairpin loops of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct
What is the function of the glomerulus?
To serve as a filtration membrane for the formation of the primary urine
Where are the juxtaglomerular cells located?
Around the afferent arteriole
What is the function of the hairpin-shaped loops of Henle?
Selective transport of solutes and water, contributing to the hypertonic state of the medulla
Which cells are found in the collecting duct and are responsible for resorbing sodium and water?
Principal cells
What is the approximate renal blood flow in mL/min?
1000 to 1200
What is the function of renin in the renal system?
Causes the generation of angiotensin I
What is the major function of the nephron?
Urine formation involving glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and excretion
What percentage of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the kidneys?
99%
Which part of the nephron reabsorbs about 60% to 70% of the filtered sodium and water?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What stimulates the distal tubules and collecting ducts to reabsorb water, affecting the concentration of the final urine?
ADH
What do tests measuring renal clearance indicate?
How much of a substance can be cleared from the blood by the kidneys per given amount of time
What happens to the number and size of nephrons as a person ages?
Decrease
What maintains a constant glomerular filtration rate?
Autoregulation of renal blood flow and sympathetic neural regulation
What is the primary function of the kidney?
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Where are the kidneys located?
Between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae
What is the composition of the nephron?
Glomerulus, Bowman capsule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
What do mesangial cells and matrix do in the kidney?
Support the glomerular capillaries
What happens to the calyces in the kidney?
Join to form the renal pelvis
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells?
Secrete renin
What is the urine-forming unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Formation of primary urine
What is the function of the hairpin loops of Henle?
Reabsorb water and electrolytes
What is the role of the collecting duct in the kidney?
Reabsorb water and sodium
What is the function of the tubules in the kidney?
Reabsorb water and electrolytes
What is the function of the capsule in the kidney?
Contain the glomeruli
What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min?
120
What is the primary function of the hairpin-shaped loops of Henle?
Reabsorb solutes and water
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells in the renal system?
Secrete renin
What is the approximate percentage of the filtrate that is reabsorbed in the kidneys?
99%
What is the approximate percentage of the filtrate that is reabsorbed in the kidneys?
80-90%
What is the function of the tubules in the kidney?
Secretion and excretion of waste products
What is the primary function of the collecting duct in the renal system?
Reabsorb sodium and water
Study Notes
Renal Anatomy and Function
- The Bowman capsule is the space between the visceral and parietal epithelium.
- The hairpin-shaped loops of Henle selectively transport solutes and water, contributing to the hypertonic state of the medulla important for the concentration of urine.
- The collecting duct contains principal cells that resorb sodium and water and excrete potassium and intercalated cells that secrete hydrogen or bicarbonate and potassium.
- Renal blood flows at about 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or 20% to 25% of the cardiac output.
- Autoregulation of renal blood flow and sympathetic neural regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant GFR.
- Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole; it causes the generation of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by the action of ACE.
- The major function of the nephron is urine formation, which involves the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and excretion.
- The GFR is approximately 120 mL/min, and 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed.
- The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about 60% to 70% of the filtered sodium and water and 90% of other electrolytes.
- The concentration of the final urine is a function of the level of ADH that stimulates the distal tubules and collecting ducts to reabsorb water.
- Tests that measure renal clearance indicate how much of a substance can be cleared from the blood by the kidneys per given amount of time.
- As a person ages, a decrease occurs in the number and size of nephrons. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decline.
Renal Anatomy and Function
- The Bowman capsule is the space between the visceral and parietal epithelium.
- The hairpin-shaped loops of Henle selectively transport solutes and water, contributing to the hypertonic state of the medulla important for the concentration of urine.
- The collecting duct contains principal cells that resorb sodium and water and excrete potassium and intercalated cells that secrete hydrogen or bicarbonate and potassium.
- Renal blood flows at about 1000 to 1200 mL/min, or 20% to 25% of the cardiac output.
- Autoregulation of renal blood flow and sympathetic neural regulation of vasoconstriction maintain a constant GFR.
- Renin is an enzyme secreted from juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole; it causes the generation of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by the action of ACE.
- The major function of the nephron is urine formation, which involves the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and excretion.
- The GFR is approximately 120 mL/min, and 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed.
- The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about 60% to 70% of the filtered sodium and water and 90% of other electrolytes.
- The concentration of the final urine is a function of the level of ADH that stimulates the distal tubules and collecting ducts to reabsorb water.
- Tests that measure renal clearance indicate how much of a substance can be cleared from the blood by the kidneys per given amount of time.
- As a person ages, a decrease occurs in the number and size of nephrons. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decline.
Test your knowledge of renal anatomy and function with this quiz. Explore topics such as the nephron's role in urine formation, renal blood flow regulation, and the functions of specific renal structures like the Bowman capsule and collecting duct.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
