Renaissance Interior Design
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Questions and Answers

Which chair has cabriole legs?

  • Voyeuse
  • Cabriolet (correct)
  • Fauteuil
  • Bergere

    • Which furniture piece is a straddle chair where the sitter faced the chair back?

  • Voyeuse (correct)
  • Marquise
  • Coupé
  • Fauteuil

    • Which type of chair is described as a lounge chair with full arm?

  • Fauteuil
  • Marquise
  • Cabriolet
  • Bergere (correct)

    • Which of the following is a small, two-seat sofa with an exposed frame?

    <p>Coupé</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of furniture is completely upholstered and similar to a wide seat or wide lounge chair?

    <p>Marquise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most decorative feature of the room’s fireplace?

    <p>Mantel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common motif found in furniture elements?

    <p>Olive leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of window was usual in historical art and interior design?

    <p>Square-headed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of furniture piece is a 'Caquetoire'?

    <p>Chair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of historical walls?

    <p>Mirrors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape were the ceilings in historical art and interior design?

    <p>Flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Rolltop Desk also known as?

    <p>bureau a cylinder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of furniture took nine years to finish?

    <p>Bureau Du Roi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of an armoire?

    <p>Clothing storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cupboard is mainly built into the room?

    <p>Eincsignure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of furniture are writing cabinets with drawers hidden by the writing surface?

    <p>Secretaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Lit d’ange'?

    <p>A bed with a tester but no posts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which French period is characterized by the transition from the style of Louis XIV to the feminine style of Louis XV?

    <p>French Regency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What furniture style features heavy rectangular backs combined with cabriole legs?

    <p>French Regency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Madame de Pompadour?

    <p>Louis XV’s mistress and a major patron of the arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of decorative themes were commonly used in French Rococo interiors?

    <p>Pastoral and mythological scenes, decorative chinoiseries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an 'Ebeniste' in the guild system for craftsmen?

    <p>Maker of veneered furniture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flooring became popular in French Rococo interiors?

    <p>Parquet covered with patterned carpets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who acted as regent for Louis XV?

    <p>Philippe d’Orleans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Lit de repos' commonly known as?

    <p>A daybed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of furniture consists of two upholstered chairs put together with an ottoman between them?

    <p>Duchesse-brisée</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a 'Confidante'?

    <p>Three seats to a single unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which furniture piece is typically fixed to a wall and supported by consoles or front legs?

    <p>Console table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a bedside table?

    <p>Table de chevet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these design pieces is a small, light lady's writing desk?

    <p>Bonheur-du-jour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the Angel bed (lit d'ange)?

    <p>A bed without posts but with a small canopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory includes porcelain vases from China?

    <p>Sèvres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Secretaire a abattant?

    <p>A tall writing cabinet with a drop-down writing surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design piece is known as the Bureau plat?

    <p>A writing desk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a desserte?

    <p>A serving table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which table is designed for playing card games?

    <p>Bonillotte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which table is known for its slant top and absence of drawers?

    <p>Drop-leaf table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sewing table?

    <p>Tristense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a petite commode?

    <p>A table with several drawers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first ebeniste-du-roi?

    <p>André Charles Boulle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ormolu mounts' refer to?

    <p>Mounted gilded bronze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Vernis Martin known for?

    <p>Process of varnishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is used in Scagliola to create imitation marble?

    <p>Gypsum and marble chips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a large imposing chair of gilded wood?

    <p>Seggiolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves inlaying brass into wood or tortoise shell?

    <p>Boulle works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of Salone in the context of French Baroque interiors?

    <p>A living room or parlor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During whose reign did the French Baroque period, France's Golden Age, occur?

    <p>Louis XIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these features were commonly found in French Baroque interiors?

    <p>Curtains and columns setting off the bed in state bedchambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the floors in French Baroque interiors typically made of?

    <p>Wood parquet or black and white marble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were used for the decoration of French Baroque ceilings?

    <p>Painting, fresco, and stucco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of mirrors were used in French Baroque interiors?

    <p>Large plate glass mirrors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chandelier was commonly found in French Baroque interiors?

    <p>Crystal or carved wood chandelier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'ebeniste' refer to?

    <p>Someone who makes furniture with ebony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decorated feature was frequently seen over doors or windows in French Neoclassical interiors?

    <p>Trumeau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape were the only curves used in French Neoclassical interiors?

    <p>Ovals, ellipses, and circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ceiling decoration was most common in French Neoclassical interiors?

    <p>Flat ceilings with classical motifs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element was NOT characteristic of French Neoclassical interior furnishings?

    <p>Bold and irregular shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape did the backs of fauteuils typically have during the French Neoclassical period?

    <p>Square or medallion back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common form of leg in French Neoclassical furniture?

    <p>Rectilinear, tapered, and fluted legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element was a significant motif in French Neoclassical decoration?

    <p>Classical orders and laurel wreaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finish was characteristic of French Neoclassical furniture?

    <p>Ivory or white enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Art and Interior Design

    Walls

    • Paneling reaches from floor to ceiling
    • Intarsia in decorations
    • Cartouche

    Windows and Doors

    • Square-headed windows were usual
    • Doors set in deep reveals

    Fireplace

    • Strong focal points of a room
    • Highly ornamented with sculptural reliefs
    • Mantel was the most decorative feature in the room

    Ceilings

    • Flat ceilings with exposed beams and girders

    Stairways

    • Spiral, straight, and dogleg flights

    Furniture Elements

    • Chairs had thronelike backs, straight arms
    • Chairs had turned, spiral, or baluster legs with bun or Flemish scroll feet
    • Motifs: olive, laurel, or acanthus leaves, foliated scrolls, rosettes, cartouche, medallions, shells, chimera, griffins, caryatids, grotesques, gadrooning
    • Furniture joints were concealed

    Furniture Types

    • Stool/Tabouret
    • Escabelle

    Other

    • Caquetoire: From caqueter ("to chat"), woman's chair had trapezoidal form standing on four legs
    • Armoire: Italian form of double cabinet for linen or clothes
    • Commode: Chest of drawers

    Commode en Tambeau

    • Tambour-shaped commode

    Lit d'ange ("Angel's Bed")

    • A bed with a tester but no posts
    • The tester floats like an "angel" over the bed

    Cabinet on Stands

    French Regency

    • The term regency loosely described the transition period from the height style of Louis XIV to the feminine style of Louis XV
    • When Louis XIV died, Philippe d'Orleans acted as regent for Louis XV
    • The craze for chinoiserie was responsible for much of the character of the Regency and Louis XV styles

    Furniture Elements

    • For chairs, the heavy rectangular back of the Baroque combined with cabriole legs

    French Rococo

    • Reign of Louis XV
    • Madame de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress and France's most outstanding patron of the arts

    Interiors

    • Planned with intimate special-purpose rooms
    • Pastel-painted panels with curved moldings replaced the marble and stucco walls of the previous era
    • Pastoral or mythological scenes, decorative chinoiseries, and/or Rococo ornamentation in low relief, often gilded, were placed asymmetrically within the panel
    • Wallpapers were popularized by the middle class, and flocked papers imported from England
    • Parquet floor was covered with patterned carpets in soft colors
    • Fireplaces were often ornamented with Irumean or overmantle, combined paneling, mirror, and painted ornamentation

    Guild System for Craftsmen

    • Ebeniste: Maker of veneered furniture
    • Menuisier: Maker of solid wood furniture
    • Fondeur: Maker of metal mounts
    • Ciseleur: Maker of bronze chasing
    • Vernisseur: Lacquerer
    • Marqueteur: Maker of marquetry panel
    • Doreur: Gilder

    Furniture Types

    • Fauteuil: Armchair with pierced arm
    • Bergere: Lounge chair with full arm
    • Coupé: Small, two-seat sofa with an exposed frame
    • Marquise: Completely upholstered small sofa similar to a wide seat or a wide bergere; a seat for two people
    • Voyeuse: A straddle chair, in which the sitter faced the chair back and rested his arms on the upholstered top rail
    • Cabriolet: A small chair with a concave back and cabriole legs

    Furniture

    • Lit de repos: A daybed, was the chaise lounge, an upholstered chair with a long seat for reclining
    • Duchesse-brisée: Two upholstered chairs put together and connected in the middle with an ottoman between them
    • Confidente: Three seats to a single unit, with the two end seats smaller and separated by arms from the center section
    • Console table: A table fixed to a wall with its top supported by consoles or front legs
    • Table de chevet: Bedside table
    • Table coiffeuse: The dressing table with drawers that opened to reveal a mirror

    Design Pieces

    • Rolltop desk (bureau a cylinder)
    • Bureau Du Roi (King's Desk): Took nine years to finish
    • Commode: A low chest of drawers, the most typical
    • Eincsignure: A corner cupboard mainly built into the room
    • Armoire: Continued to be used for clothing storage
    • Secretaries: Writing cabinets with drawers hidden by the writing surface

    Bonheur-du-jour

    • A small light lady's writing desk with a central drawer in front, tiered shelves and cupboards in the back, and sometimes shelves between the legs

    Accessory

    • Glass mirrors
    • Sèvres: Porcelain vases, portrait busts, Celadon vases from China, and Vincennes-Soft paste figurines and serving pieces
    • Mantle clocks in exotic animal shapes

    French Neoclassic

    • Under the reign of Louis XVI, there was a revived interest in classicism with the excavation of the ruins of Herculaneum in 1738
    • George Jacob founded a dynasty of cabinetmakers during this time
    • Henri Riesener, a Parisian cabinetmaker and student of Oeben, designed many pieces for Marie Antoinette

    Interiors

    • Interior architecture and furnishings are the most important aspects of the Neoclassical style
    • Proportions were light and refined, retaining intimacy and charm, but with an emphasis on straight lines and geometric forms
    • Ovals, ellipses, and circles, which were usually segmental, were the only curves used
    • Wide and narrow panels of painted wood or plaster covered with rich fabrics or wallpaper or filled with mirrors or paintings, were symmetrically arranged
    • Slim panels on the walls, called boiseries, (carved woodwork picked out in gilt) were popular
    • Doors and windows had rectangular or elliptical panels over them and were symmetrically arranged, with flatter more austere moldings, such as the egg and dart
    • The trumeau (overdoor or overpaneling filled with paintings or mirrors) were frequently seen
    • Color prints and paintings were popular
    • Ceilings were usually flat and decorated with simple classical motifs, with a large glass chandelier in the center
    • Rooms with high ceilings had an entablature crowning the paneling, rooms with low ceilings had a simple comice or a cove

    Furniture Elements

    • Manchettes (padded armrests): The arms ended in a volute or hoop back (the latter had up-rights and top rail in one continuous arch)
    • Legs were rectilinear, game (a pedestal leg which tapers towards the bottom), fluted, turned, and quiver-shaped, or spindle-shaped and fluted
    • Numerous innovations appeared, such as dining tables, combination secretary and chest-of-drawers, cylinder desks, mechanical furniture, and furniture with metal tops
    • Motifs were derived from Greek sources and from nature: classical orders, fruit, flowers, laurel wreaths, garlands, ribbons and bow-knots, mythological scenes, shepherds and shepherdesses, caryatids, trophies, hunting and music symbols, arabesques, running motifs such as guilloche, beads, leaf bands

    Furniture Types

    • Fauteuil: with a square or medallion back that did not extend to the seat rail; Often slightly concave
    • Dressoir or sideboard: storage piece for display holding food or plate; literally "dressing the food"
    • Credence

    French Baroque

    • The first of the purely native styles
    • During the reign of Louis XIV, France's Golden Age
    • Andre Charles Boulle appointed master cabinetmaker to Louis XIV

    Interiors

    • Rooms in enfilade arrangement from public to more private spaces
    • Salone - (a living room or parlor), means a conversational gathering
    • Suites at each end
    • Apartment
      • Antechamber
      • Chamber
      • Cabinet
    • State bedchamber bed set off by curtains and columns
    • Variety of interior spaces
    • Vertical perspectives resulting from the light and dark contrasts in the staircase
    • The rooms had massive proportion, and walls, ceilings, ornamentation were coordinated with the furnishings
    • Furniture was still placed next to the wall because most activities took place while people were standing
    • Colors were rich and vivid, and some of the combinations were violet and red, silver and gold, or red and green
    • Large plate glass mirrors were used, and imported Chinese wallcover covered the walls
    • Fireplace - ornamented with cartouche, swags, scrolls, and various classical ornaments
    • Ceilings
      • contours varied: flat, barrel-vaulted, dome-vaulted, and with a cove from wall to ceiling
      • Painting, fresco, and stucco
      • Encouragement of vistas and the distinctive variation of ceiling configuration
    • Doors and window trim was architecturally treated with a heavy molding, crowned with a comice
    • Floors were wood parquet or black and white marble
    • Crystal or carved wood chandelier in the center room with additional wall torcheres
    • Accessories include: busts, hanging

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    Description

    This quiz covers the characteristics of Renaissance interior design, including walls, windows, doors, fireplaces, ceilings, and stairways. Learn about the ornate features and decorative elements of this historic design period.

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