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What was a central aspect of the Renaissance humanist movement?
What was a central aspect of the Renaissance humanist movement?
What did Petrarch's discovery of ancient manuscripts contribute to?
What did Petrarch's discovery of ancient manuscripts contribute to?
What was a significant factor that allowed Renaissance humanism to spread beyond Italy?
What was a significant factor that allowed Renaissance humanism to spread beyond Italy?
What was a characteristic of Renaissance humanism in art?
What was a characteristic of Renaissance humanism in art?
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Who is the author of the famous work 'The Prince'?
Who is the author of the famous work 'The Prince'?
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What was the primary response to in the development of Renaissance Humanism?
What was the primary response to in the development of Renaissance Humanism?
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What did Renaissance humanists seek to learn by studying ancient literature and art?
What did Renaissance humanists seek to learn by studying ancient literature and art?
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Which Italian artist painted The Birth of Venus around 1485?
Which Italian artist painted The Birth of Venus around 1485?
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Who are widely considered to be the fathers of Renaissance Humanism?
Who are widely considered to be the fathers of Renaissance Humanism?
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What was the impact of the printing press on the spread of humanist ideas?
What was the impact of the printing press on the spread of humanist ideas?
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What did Renaissance humanists believe that artists, poets, and writers could do?
What did Renaissance humanists believe that artists, poets, and writers could do?
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What did Renaissance humanists emphasize in their educational approach?
What did Renaissance humanists emphasize in their educational approach?
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Who was a proponent of 'the middle way' in Northern Europe's renaissance humanism?
Who was a proponent of 'the middle way' in Northern Europe's renaissance humanism?
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What was the focus of Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe?
What was the focus of Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe?
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What was a significant consequence of the emphasis on observing natural life in Renaissance humanism?
What was a significant consequence of the emphasis on observing natural life in Renaissance humanism?
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What was Galileo Galilei known as?
What was Galileo Galilei known as?
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What is a characteristic of Renaissance art that differentiates it from medieval art?
What is a characteristic of Renaissance art that differentiates it from medieval art?
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What was the underlying theme in most Renaissance art?
What was the underlying theme in most Renaissance art?
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What was the period between circa 1400 CE and circa 1600 CE considered?
What was the period between circa 1400 CE and circa 1600 CE considered?
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What was an important factor in the birth of the Renaissance?
What was an important factor in the birth of the Renaissance?
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Which artist is known for his use of mythological themes in his works, including The Birth of Venus and Primavera?
Which artist is known for his use of mythological themes in his works, including The Birth of Venus and Primavera?
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What was the primary source of the Medici family's power and influence in Florence?
What was the primary source of the Medici family's power and influence in Florence?
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Which artist is known for his portraits of powerful and important people?
Which artist is known for his portraits of powerful and important people?
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What was the name of Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, also known as?
What was the name of Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, also known as?
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What was the title of the painting by Tintoretto that depicts the death of Christ?
What was the title of the painting by Tintoretto that depicts the death of Christ?
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Which Renaissance artist was known for his architectural work, particularly the design of the dome in the Florence Cathedral?
Which Renaissance artist was known for his architectural work, particularly the design of the dome in the Florence Cathedral?
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Which technique did Piero della Francesca use to make his paintings appear more life-like and three-dimensional?
Which technique did Piero della Francesca use to make his paintings appear more life-like and three-dimensional?
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Which of the following paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci is located in the Louvre in Paris?
Which of the following paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci is located in the Louvre in Paris?
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Which painting by Raphael represents the importance of Greek philosophy on Renaissance thinkers?
Which painting by Raphael represents the importance of Greek philosophy on Renaissance thinkers?
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Which of the following sculptures by Michelangelo is a depiction of the Virgin Mary with Jesus?
Which of the following sculptures by Michelangelo is a depiction of the Virgin Mary with Jesus?
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What was the outcome of Cosimo's actions after returning from exile?
What was the outcome of Cosimo's actions after returning from exile?
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What was the significance of the Medici Bank's partnership with the papacy?
What was the significance of the Medici Bank's partnership with the papacy?
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What was Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici's role in the government of Florence?
What was Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici's role in the government of Florence?
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Who was the patron of Donatello and Brunelleschi?
Who was the patron of Donatello and Brunelleschi?
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What role did Pope Leo X play in the onset of the Reformation?
What role did Pope Leo X play in the onset of the Reformation?
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What was the outcome of Cosimo III's authoritarian rule?
What was the outcome of Cosimo III's authoritarian rule?
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What was the outcome of Lorenzo the Magnificent's actions in the papacy?
What was the outcome of Lorenzo the Magnificent's actions in the papacy?
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What was a significant factor that contributed to the decline of the Medici family?
What was a significant factor that contributed to the decline of the Medici family?
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What was the significance of Johannes Gutenberg's invention?
What was the significance of Johannes Gutenberg's invention?
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What was the impact of the printing press on religious debates?
What was the impact of the printing press on religious debates?
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Study Notes
Renaissance Humanism
- Renaissance Humanism was a movement that started in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe over the next 200 years.
- It developed as a response to the Middle Ages, a time of great social and economic change.
Fathers of Renaissance Humanism
- Petrarch, Dante Alighieri, and Giovanni Boccaccio are considered the fathers of Renaissance Humanism.
- They sought to understand what it means to be human and how to live a virtuous life.
Characteristics of Renaissance Humanism
- A reinvigorated interest in classical texts and education.
- Emphasis on the individual human and moral responsibility.
- Need for widespread and comprehensive education, known as studia humanitatis.
- Concern with Christian themes, but with the focus on humanity rather than faith.
Important Works of Humanism
- Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
- Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince.
- Sandro Botticelli's The Birth of Venus.
- Michelangelo's David and Pietà.
- Rafaele's The School of Athens.
Spread of Humanism
- The printing press allowed humanist ideas to spread beyond Italy and throughout Europe.
- The rise of trade and the market economy also facilitated the spread of humanist ideas.
Legacy of Humanism
- Renaissance Humanism laid the groundwork for the separation of church and state.
- It led to the translation and critical examination of classical texts, which contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
- The emphasis on observing natural life contributed to the Scientific Revolution.
Renaissance Art
- Renaissance art can be divided into three categories: sculpture, painting, and architecture.
- Humanism was the underlying theme in most Renaissance art, emphasizing the human form and human experience.
- Paganism also played a significant role in Renaissance art, with themes and motifs from ancient Greek and Roman mythology.
Famous Renaissance Artists
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Filippo Brunelleschi: architect and engineer who designed the dome of the Florence Cathedral.
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Donatello: sculptor known for his statues of David and St. George.
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Piero della Francesca: painter and mathematician who used perspective in his works.
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Leonardo da Vinci: polymath and artist known for his paintings and inventions.
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Raphael: painter and architect known for his portraits and The School of Athens.
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Michelangelo: sculptor and painter known for his statues of David and the Pietà.
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Botticelli: painter known for his use of mythological themes, such as The Birth of Venus.
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Titian: painter known for his portraits and mythological scenes.
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Tintoretto: painter known for his vivid depictions of the human form.### The Medici Family
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The Medici family rose to power through their connection to the papacy and their banking business.
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The Medici Bank became the official bank of the papacy, and family members eventually rose to the papacy themselves.
Notable Members of the Medici Family
- Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici:
- Started the Medici Bank in Florence, becoming one of the wealthiest men in Florence.
- Had strong political influence, which he used to rewrite the tax code.
- Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici:
- Took over ruling Florence in 1434.
- Became a patron of the Renaissance by supporting artists like Donatello and making Florence a center for culture and arts.
- Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent):
- Supported artists like Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo.
- Spent much of the family wealth on buying influential positions.
- Pope Leo X (Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici):
- Elected Pope in 1513.
- Continued to grow the family's influence and used his power to support them in Florence.
- Pope Clement VII (Giulio de' Medici):
- Elected as Pope in 1523.
- Continued to spread the family influence throughout Europe, marrying his niece, Catherine de Medici, to the future King of France.
Bankers of the Church
- Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici moved the headquarters of the Medici Bank to Florence in 1397, breaking with the bank he worked at with his uncle, Vieri di Cambio de' Medici.
- The Medici Bank became the official bank of the papacy in the 15th century.
Rising Power in Florence and Northern Italy
- Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici served as a member of the Signoria of Florence, the government of the Republic of Florence.
- Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici used his power and wealth to rule Florence, and eventually became a patron of the Renaissance.
Patrons of the Renaissance
- The Medici family was responsible for funding many artists, architects, and other intellectual leaders during the Renaissance.
- Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici was a patron of Donatello and Brunelleschi.
- Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici was a patron of Sandro Botticelli, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Leonardo da Vinci.
Medici Popes
- The Medici family exerted influence over the papacy through the handling of papal accounts at the Medici Bank.
- Pope Leo X played a role in the onset of the Reformation by selling indulgences.
- Giulio de' Medici became Pope Clement VII.
Decline and Legacy
- The decline of the Medici family was due to several factors, including:
- Declining resources of the Medici Bank and family due to bad loans and overuse of funds.
- Declining power as an effect of their declining wealth and influence.
- Declining trust from the people brought about by criticism of the oligarchy.
- The final Medici ruler died in 1737 without any children to carry on the powerful lineage.
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Description
Explore the Renaissance Humanism movement that emerged in 14th century Italy, a response to the Middle Ages and the grim era of the Black Death. Learn about its significance and impact on Europe.
