Renaissance Definitions and Key Figures
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Questions and Answers

What does Renaissance refer to?

The revival of art, learning, and culture

What is Humanism?

A movement that focused on the human potential and achievements

What is a Patron?

People who financially supported artists

What is Perspective in art?

<p>A technique used by artists that involves creating the appearance of three-dimensional figures on a flat surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Vernacular mean?

<p>The everyday language used in that country or region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Machiavelli?

<p>A writer known for writing The Prince, a guidebook on how to be a Prince</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define a Renaissance Man.

<p>The Universal man, excelling in many fields and very educated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Leonardo Da Vinci?

<p>Known for the painting of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper; he was a painter, inventor, and sculptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Michelangelo known for?

<p>A painter, sculptor, architect, and poet known for his paintings in the Sistine Chapel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Petrarch?

<p>A humanist known for writing about a woman named Laura</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Utopia?

<p>Created by Thomas More, a world with just perfection, no evil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Shakespeare?

<p>A famous writer during the Elizabethan Age known for Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Gutenberg?

<p>A German inventor who made the printing press and produced a large mass of books</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Indulgence refer to?

<p>A patron is released from his or her sins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Reformation?

<p>A call for Religious Reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Lutheran mean?

<p>Founded on the teachings of Martin Luther</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Protestant mean?

<p>Founded on the teachings of the Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Anglican refer to?

<p>Founded on the teachings of the Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Martin Luther?

<p>Founded on the teachings of the Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry VIII?

<p>A king who took over the church and took the Pope's power away</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Mary I?

<p>A daughter of Henry VIII and sister of Elizabeth who once ruled Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Elizabeth I?

<p>Ruled Europe and brought Protestantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is John Calvin?

<p>Led the Huguenots and Calvinists</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Predestination mean?

<p>God knew who was going to be saved</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Calvinism?

<p>Religious ideas based on John Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Catholic Reformation?

<p>A call for reform in the Catholic Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are Jesuits?

<p>Members of the Society of Jesus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Council of Trent?

<p>A meeting between Roman Catholic leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Secular mean?

<p>Worldly rather than spiritual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Renaissance Woman?

<p>An upper class woman who knows the classics and is charming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Donatello?

<p>(1386-1466) Sculptor, probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Raphael?

<p>(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; known for his frescos, most famous being The School of Athens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Boccaccio?

<p>(1313-1375) Wrote The Decameron which tells about ambitious merchants and portrays a sensual, worldly society</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Vittoria Colonna?

<p>A famous writer who gained fame during the Renaissance by writing about personal subjects rather than politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Pieter Bruegel?

<p>A Flemish painter that lived from 1525-1569, captured scenes from peasant life and used vivid details and rich colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Christine de Pizan?

<p>A highly educated Renaissance-era woman who was among the first to earn a living as a writer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Peace of Augsburg?

<p>A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Annul mean?

<p>Make void or null, cancel, abolish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renaissance Definitions

  • Renaissance: A cultural revival marked by advancements in art, learning, and intellectual inquiry.
  • Humanism: Emphasized human potential and accomplishments, focusing on classical texts and philosophy.
  • Patron: Individuals who financially supported artists and intellectuals, enabling artistic and cultural growth.
  • Perspective: Artistic technique that creates the illusion of three-dimensionality on a flat surface.
  • Vernacular: The common language spoken in a specific region, facilitating broader communication in literature.

Key Figures and Works

  • Machiavelli: Authored "The Prince," outlining political power and leadership strategies.
  • Renaissance Man: An ideal individual skilled in various disciplines, epitomizing knowledge and versatility.
  • Leonardo Da Vinci: Renowned painter and innovator; famous works include "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper."
  • Michelangelo: Multifaceted artist known for his contributions to the Sistine Chapel, including ceiling paintings.
  • Petrarch: A leading humanist celebrated for his poetry, particularly about his idealized muse Laura.
  • Utopia: A term from Thomas More’s work envisioning a perfect society devoid of evil.
  • Shakespeare: Esteemed playwright of the Elizabethan era, authored iconic works like "Romeo and Juliet" and "Macbeth."
  • Gutenberg: Inventor of the printing press, revolutionized book production and accessibility.

Religious Movements

  • Indulgence: A concept in the Catholic Church where the guilt of sin could be mitigated through payment or good works.
  • Reformation: A movement advocating for ecclesiastical change within the Christian Church.
  • Lutheranism: A branch of Christianity founded on the doctrines of Martin Luther, emphasizing faith over works.
  • Protestantism: Emerged from the Reformation, promoting ideas of salvation and faith differing from Catholic teachings.
  • Anglicanism: Branch of Protestantism established in England, rooted in the Reformation.
  • Martin Luther: Key figure in the Reformation, famous for his Ninety-Five Theses urging church reforms.

British Monarchy and Reform

  • Henry VIII: King known for his role in the English Reformation, weakening papal authority by establishing the Church of England.
  • Mary I: Daughter of Henry VIII, known for her attempts to restore Catholicism in England.
  • Elizabeth I: Daughter of Henry VIII, her reign solidified Protestantism and promoted cultural flourishing.

Philosophies and Theologies

  • John Calvin: Influential theologian whose ideas shaped Protestant Reformed traditions; led the Huguenots.
  • Predestination: Concept in Calvinism asserting God's foreknowledge of who will attain salvation.
  • Calvinism: Religious doctrine founded on Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing sovereignty of God and salvation through faith alone.

Further Developments

  • Catholic Reformation: A response to Protestantism aiming at church reform and renewal.
  • Jesuits: Members of the Society of Jesus, active in education and missionary work.
  • Council of Trent: An assembly of Catholic leaders addressing reform and defining doctrine.

Notable Female Figures and Artists

  • Renaissance Woman: An upper-class woman educated in classical knowledge and skills, embodying charm and intelligence.
  • Donatello: Early Renaissance sculptor, recognized for his expressive and humanistic sculptures.
  • Raphael: Italian painter noted for his harmonious compositions and portrayal of classical themes.
  • Boccaccio: Authored "The Decameron," providing insights into secular and humanistic values of society.
  • Vittoria Colonna: Celebrated poet who wrote about personal themes rather than political matters.
  • Pieter Bruegel: Flemish painter depicting peasant life and moral lessons through vibrant scenes.

Peace Agreements and Concepts

  • Peace of Augsburg: The 1555 decree stating that each German state's religion would be determined by its ruler.
  • Annul: The act of declaring something void or canceling a legal or religious decree.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms and figures of the Renaissance period. This quiz covers important definitions like humanism and patronage, as well as influential individuals such as Machiavelli and Leonardo da Vinci. Discover how these concepts shaped art and culture during this remarkable era.

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