Renaissance and Monarchy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Triangle Trade = A colonial trade system where European merchants traveled and traded on the Indian Ocean. Middle Passage = The transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Columbian Exchange = The exchange of goods, foods, and diseases between the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (Americas) after 1492. Diaspora = People who live away from their homeland. Ex: The African Diaspora includes all peoples of African descent who live outside of Africa.

Match the terms from the first column to the correct categories from the second column:

Renaissance = Colonization Absolute Monarchy = European Trade Routes Spanish Inquisition = Religious Innovations in Europe French Revolution = Colonial Empires Conquistador = Colonial Empires Columbian Exchange = Colonial Empires Triangle Trade = European Trade Routes Middle Passage = Colonial Empires Joint-Stock Company = European Trade Routes Mita System = Colonial Empires Chattel Slavery = Colonial Empires Indentured Servants = Colonial Empires

Match each term to its correct definition:

Hegemony = Control or influence over a region Trading Post = A city used for trade along maritime routes Joint-Stock Company = Privately funded merchant company with minimal risk Mercantilism = Economic theory focused on maximizing trade Candomble = Afro-Brazilian religious tradition blending African and Christian elements

Match the historical figures with their descriptions:

<p>King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella = Spanish monarchs who sponsored Columbus's voyages King Louis XIV = French monarch known as the 'Sun King' Christopher Columbus = Explorer who sought a sea-route to India but discovered the Americas Spanish Inquisition = Policy to punish non-Catholics in Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the labor systems with their descriptions:

<p>Encomienda = System granting Spanish conquistadors land and indigenous labor Mita System = Draft labor system forced upon Inca men for mining Indentured Servants = People who sold themselves for passage to the New World Chattel Slavery = System of owning slaves as personal property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to crops with their characteristics:

<p>Cash Crops = High yielding crops that generate wealth for plantation owners Sugar = One of the primary cash crops of the era Tobacco = A lucrative cash crop used extensively in colonies Indigo = A plant used for dyeing and a valuable cash crop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of rulers with their governing styles:

<p>Absolute Monarchy = Unrestricted power by a single monarch Constitutional Monarchy = Shared power with a parliament Viceroy = Governor of a colony reporting to the monarch Missionary = Spreads religion in foreign territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their impacts:

<p>Reformation = Breaking away of the Protestant church from the Catholic church Spanish Inquisition = Led to trials and executions of non-Catholics Conquest of the Americas = Resulted in European colonization and displacement Colonization = Creation of colonies ruled by distant empires</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their respective regions:

<p>Spanish Inquisition = Spain Mita System = Inca Empire Renaissance = Italy and later Europe Conquistador = Spanish Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associated practices:

<p>Cash Crops = Agricultural products for profit Encomienda = Exploitation of indigenous people for labor Chattel Slavery = Buying and selling of enslaved individuals Missionary = Religious proselytization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures with their respective roles or actions:

<p>Christopher Columbus = Explorer who sought a sea route to India but found America Hernan Cortes = Conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella = Sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyages Francisco Pizarro = Conquistador who took control of the Inca Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods of European colonial control with their descriptions:

<p>Encomienda System = Forced labor system used by Spanish colonizers Joint-stock Company = Business entity that helped fund colonial ventures Missions = Religious outposts aiming to convert indigenous peoples Treaties = Agreements made to formalize relationships with local tribes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following colonial powers with their primary area of influence:

<p>Spain = South and Central America Portugal = Brazil and Indian Ocean trade France = North America fur trade England = Eastern coast of North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance:

<p>Spanish Inquisition = Persecution of non-Catholics in Spain Renaissance = Cultural rebirth in Europe from 1300s to 1600s Reformation = Breaking away of Protestant church from the Catholic church Treaty of Tordesillas = Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their effects on Indigenous populations:

<p>Smallpox = Wiped out entire communities without immunity Measles = Contributed to massive population decline Influenza = Exacerbated existing health crises Typhus = Caused severe outbreaks among Native peoples</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their roles in the colonial economy:

<p>Maroons = Escaped slaves forming independent communities Enslaved Africans = Forced labor supporting plantation economies Settlers = Individuals establishing communities in new lands Indigenous peoples = Original inhabitants often displaced or coerced</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following colonial outcomes with their descriptions:

<p>Decline of Indigenous populations = Result of disease and forced labor Cultural Exchange = Transfer of goods and ideas between Europe and the Americas Economic Exploitation = Use of resources and labor for profit by colonizers Formation of Alliances = Cooperation between indigenous tribes and European powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following explorers with their main discoveries:

<p>Christopher Columbus = He discovered the Americas in 1492 Vasco da Gama = First to reach India by sea Ferdinand Magellan = Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe Zheng He = Explored the coasts of East Africa and Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following colonial practices with their characteristics:

<p>Resource Extraction = Focus on obtaining natural wealth from colonies Missionary Work = Efforts to convert local populations to Christianity Settler Colonization = Establishment of new communities by settlers Trade Monopoly = Control of trade routes and goods by colonial powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their respective centuries:

<p>Spanish Inquisition = 15th Century Renaissance = 14th to 17th Century Reformation = 16th Century Colonization of the Americas = 16th to 18th Century</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their colonial systems:

<p>Spanish Colonies = Encomienda system Portuguese Brazil = Plantation economy reliant on sugar French Canada = Fur trade and alliances with Native Americans British North America = Settler colonies with land disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following significant figures with their contributions:

<p>Martin Luther = Initiated the Reformation with his theses Louis XIV = Promoted absolute monarchy in France Columbus = Initiated European exploration of the Americas Pizarro = Conquered the Inca Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the social groups with their descriptions:

<p>Peninsulares = People of European descent born in the colonies Criollos (Creoles) = People of mixed descent - European and indigenous Mestizos = People of mixed descent - European and African Mulattos = Afro-Brazilian religious tradition that combines African and Christian spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the economic terms with their definitions:

<p>Trading Post = A city used for trade along maritime routes, often controlled by a distant empire Joint-Stock Company = Privately funded merchant company that offered profits with minimal risks Hegemony = Regional power The Spanish Inquisition = A law for persecuting non-Catholics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the explorers with their roles:

<p>Christopher Columbus = Hired by Spain to explore new routes Hernan Cortes = Conqueror known for his role in the fall of the Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro = Conquistador who explored the Inca Empire Maroons = Enslaved peoples who utilized violent means to escape oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the events with their historical contexts:

<p>Ottomans conquered Constantinople = Blocked European access to trade routes Spanish Colonies = Ruled by a viceroy responsible to the King Goa plaque production = Development of trading-post empires Portuguese naval activities = Favored by divine forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figures with their impacts:

<p>Spanish Monarchs = Enforced Catholicism in their colonies Maroons = Forced British authorities to conclude treaties Colonial Authorities = Suppressed resistance by co-opting local groups Portuguese Traders = Established trade networks in the Indian Ocean region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their meanings:

<p>Encomiendas = Forced labor systems in Spanish colonies Indigenous populations = People native to the Americas Disease introduction = Smallpox and measles brought by Europeans Resource extraction = The process of obtaining valuable materials from colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colonial practices with their results:

<p>Spanish colonization = Massive decline of Indigenous populations French alliances = Built relationships with Native Americans British expansion = Pushed Indigenous peoples off their land African slavery = Exploited for labor in colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with the correct characteristics:

<p>Absolute monarchy = Form of government in Spanish colonies Viceroy = Representative of the King in the colonies Trading-post empires = Network of coastal settlements connected through trade Candomble = Fusion of African and Christian spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the events with their significance:

<p>1492 = Columbus arrived in the Americas Inquisition = Tortured non-Catholics in Spain Maroons' action = Evidence of resistance against state power Joint-Stock Companies = Facilitated sea trade and colonial expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the motives for exploration with examples:

<p>Wealth = Search for spices and gold Religion = Conversion of Indigenous peoples to Christianity Political power = Colonization for national dominance Curiosity = Explorers pushing geographical boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colonial powers with their colonies:

<p>Spain = Conquered the Aztec Empire Portugal = Claimed Brazil England = Established The 13 colonies France = Engaged in fur trade alliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

<p>Conquistador = Spanish soldier that took part in the conquest of the Americas Colonization = Conquering distant lands and sending settlers Colony = A land ruled by a distant empire Missionary = Someone who spreads their religion to other places</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the economic systems with their descriptions:

<p>Encomienda = System granting land and indigenous workers to Spanish conquistadors Mita System = Forced labor system from the Incan Empire Cash Crops = High yielding crops that generate wealth for plantation owners Chattel Slavery = System of buying, selling, and owning individuals as property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of labor with their characteristics:

<p>Indentured Servants = People who sold themselves into servitude for passage to the New World Chattel Slavery = Enslaved individuals treated as personal property Mita System = Draft labor system forcing indigenous men to work in mines Missionary = Religious figures spreading faith in distant lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colonial terminology with their entire descriptions:

<p>Viceroy = Governor of a colony reporting to the absolute monarch Triangle Trade = Colonial trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas Middle Passage = Transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Columbian Exchange = Exchange of goods, foods, and diseases post-1492</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cultural terms with their definitions:

<p>Diaspora = People living away from their homeland Candomble = Afro-Brazilian religion combining African and Christian elements Peninsulares = European colonists born in Spain living in the Americas Criollos = People of European descent born in the colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the monarchical systems with their definitions:

<p>Absolute Monarchy = A monarchy unbounded by laws Constitutional Monarchy = A monarchy bound by laws sharing power with a parliament Hegemony = A dominant regional power Mercantilism = Economic theory that promotes trade as wealth-generating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the agricultural terms with their explanations:

<p>Cash Crops = High yielding crops like sugar and tobacco Colonization = Process of sending settlers to distant lands Encomienda = Land grant system involving indigenous labor Mita System = Labor system taken from the Incan Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the trade concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Triangle Trade = Trade system involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas Middle Passage = Journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Trading Post = City used for trade along maritime routes Joint-Stock Company = Merchant company with risk-sharing profits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the revolutions with their defining features:

<p>Reformation = The break of the Protestant church from Catholicism Spanish Inquisition = Trials and executions of non-Catholics in Spain Renaissance = Cultural rebirth in Europe from the 1300s to 1600s Diaspora = Movement of people away from their homeland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the colonial occupations with their definitions:

<p>Peninsulares = European-born colonial rulers Criollos = Colonial individuals of European descent Mestizos = People of mixed European and indigenous descent Mulattos = People of mixed European and African descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the exploitative practices with their characteristics:

<p>Chattel Slavery = Buying and selling of human beings as property Encomienda = Grant of land and labor to Spanish settlers Mita System = Coerced labor of indigenous individuals in mines Indentured Servants = Laborers who exchanged labor for passage to the New World</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical terms with their occurrences:

<p>Columbian Exchange = Post-1492 transfer of goods and diseases Middle Passage = Transport of enslaved Africans Triangle Trade = Continental trading routes involving three regions Spanish Inquisition = Punishment of non-Catholics in Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the religious travels with their definitions:

<p>Missionary = Religious figure traveling to spread faith Candomble = Religious tradition combining African and Christianity Colonization = Establishing rule over foreign lands Diaspora = Communities living outside their place of origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the geographic and economic terms with their descriptions:

<p>Trading Post = Maritime city primarily for trade Triangle Trade = Systematic trade across oceans involving different goods Mercantilism = Promotion of trade by governments to generate wealth Hegemony = Dominance of a certain power over a region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renaissance

A period of major cultural revival in Europe, starting in the 14th century, marked by renewed interest in classical learning and art.

Absolute Monarchy

A monarchy where the ruler has absolute power, not bound by any laws or a parliament.

Constitutional Monarchy

A monarchy where the ruler's power is limited by a constitution and shared with a parliament.

Encomienda System

A system where Spanish conquistadors were granted land and indigenous labor in the Americas.

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Mita System

A system of forced labor implemented by the Spanish in the Americas, derived from the Inca system, where indigenous men were required to work in mines.

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Cash Crops

Cash crops are high-yield agricultural products that are primarily grown for sale and profit.

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Indentured Servants

People who agreed to work for a specific period in exchange for a passage to the New World.

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Chattel Slavery

A system of slavery where people were bought, sold, and treated as property.

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Triangle Trade

A colonial trade system where European merchants traveled and traded on the Atlantic Ocean. From Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods (guns, textiles, rum) From Africa to the Americas: Slaves From Americas to Europe: Cash Crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton)

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Middle Passage

The transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

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Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods, foods, and diseases between the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (Americas) after 1492.

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Peninsulares

European colonists born in Spain (Iberian Peninsula), but living in the Americas.

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Criollos

People of European descent born in the colonies

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Mestizos

People of mixed descent - European and indigenous

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Mulattos

People of mixed descent - European and African

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Candomble

Afro-Brazilian religious tradition that combines African and Christian spirituality, rhythms, and idols.

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Joint-Stock Company

Privately funded merchant company that offered profits with minimal risks.

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Hegemony

Regional power

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King Louis XIV

French absolute monarch known as the "Sun King" who built Versailles and maintained control of the bourgeoisie (upper class) by letting nobles live at the palace.

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Spanish Inquisition

Policy of Catholic Spanish Monarchs to punish non-Catholics in Spain. In the 1500s there were 150,000 trials and 3,000 executions of Jews, Muslims, and Protestants.

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Reformation

Inspired by Martin Luther's theses in 1517, the breaking away of the Protestant church from the Catholic church in Europe. Became a violent time as Catholics and Protestants clashed with each other.

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Missionaries

A group of religious people sent to spread their religious beliefs and convert others.

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Conquistadors

Spanish explorers and soldiers hired by the Crown to conquer and colonize land in the Americas.

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The Spanish Inquisition

A policy used by the Spanish monarchy to punish and force conversion of non-Catholics.

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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

The Spanish monarchs who sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyages and started the Spanish Inquisition.

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Versailles

The French king Louis XIV's luxurious palace that symbolized his absolute power.

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Viceroy

The ruler or governor of a colony who reports back to the absolute monarch.

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Criollos (Creoles)

People of European descent born in the colonies

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Trading Post

A city used for trade especially along maritime trade routes. Often owned by a distant empire who controlled the port.

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Mercantilism

The economic theory that trade generates wealth, and governments should encourage as much trade as possible.

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Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople

The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople disrupted European trade routes to Asia, driving European exploration for alternative routes.

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European Colonization of the Americas

The colonization of the Americas was a direct result of European nations seeking new trade routes and access to wealth.

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Spanish Colonial Administration

The Spanish established an absolute monarchy, ruling through viceroys in key cities like Mexico City and Lima, with a focus on controlling resources and labor.

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Maroon Resistance

The Maroons' resistance against British control demonstrates a fight against growing state power and the desire for freedom and autonomy.

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Treaty with Maroons

The Maroons' treaty with British authorities shows how states can sometimes co-opt resistance movements to maintain control, offering limited concessions in exchange for stability.

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Trading-Post Empires

The plaque in Goa highlights the presence of trading-post empires, established by European powers like Portugal in the Indian Ocean to control trade.

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Study Notes

Renaissance

  • A period of cultural rebirth in Europe (1300s-1600s)
  • Meaning "rebirth" or "re-awakening"

Absolute Monarchy

  • A monarchy with unlimited power and not restricted by laws
  • Examples: France, Spain, Russia, Portugal

Constitutional Monarchy

  • A monarchy with limited power, bound by laws
  • Shared power with a parliament
  • Examples: Britain, The Netherlands

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

  • Spanish monarchs
  • Established the Spanish Inquisition
  • Sponsored Christopher Columbus's voyages

King Louis XIV

  • French absolute monarch ("Sun King")
  • Built the Palace of Versailles
  • Controlled the upper class (bourgeoisie) by attracting nobles to the palace

Spanish Inquisition

  • A policy of the Spanish Catholic monarchs to punish non-Catholics
  • 150,000 trials and 3,000 executions in the 1500s (of Jews, Muslims, and Protestants)

Reformation

  • Religious movement starting in 1517 (Martin Luther)
  • Protestant churches broke away from the Catholic Church
  • Led to violence between Catholics and Protestants

Christopher Columbus

  • Explorer who sought a westward route to India
  • Landed in the Americas in 1492
  • His voyages started European colonization of the Americas

Conquistador

  • Spanish soldiers who participated in the conquest of the Americas

Colonization

  • Establishing control and settlement in distant lands
  • Part of building an empire

Colony

  • Land controlled by a distant empire
  • Settled by people from the controlling empire

Missionary

  • Someone who travels to spread their religion (esp. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism)

Encomienda

  • System granting Spanish conquistadors land and indigenous laborers

Mita System

  • Forced labor system (from the Incan Empire) used by the Spanish
  • Indigenous men worked in Spanish mines

Cash Crops

  • High-yielding crops (sugar, rice, tobacco, indigo, cotton)
  • Generated wealth for plantation owners

Indentured Servants

  • People who sold their labor for passage to the New World (mostly in British colonies)

Chattel Slavery

  • System where enslaved people are owned as property
  • Often treated cruelly

Viceroy

  • Governor of a colony, representing the absolute monarch

Triangle Trade

  • Colonial trade system across the Atlantic
  • Europe to Africa (manufactured goods):
  • Africa to Americas (enslaved people):
  • Americas to Europe (cash crops)

Middle Passage

  • The voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas

Diaspora

  • People living outside their homeland, e.g. African Diaspora (descendants of enslaved Africans)

Queen Nzinga

  • Angolan leader who resisted Portuguese colonization

Columbian Exchange

  • Exchange of goods, foods, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds (post-1492)

Peninsulares

  • European colonists born in Spain, living in the Americas

Creoles (Criollos)

  • People of European descent born in the colonies

Mestizos

  • People of mixed European and Indigenous descent

Mulattos

  • People of mixed European and African descent

Candomblé

  • Afro-Brazilian religious tradition combining African and Christian elements

Trading Post

  • City used for maritime trade, often controlled by a distant empire

Joint-Stock Company

  • Privately funded company for trade (minimal risk, potential profit)

Hegemony

  • Regional power

Mercantilism

  • Economic theory emphasizing trade as wealth generation, government encouragement of trade

European Colonization: Causes

  • Desire for new trade routes to Asia:
  • Drive for wealth (spices, silk, gold, resources)
  • European conquest and control of new lands
  • Increase of wealth and power for European countries

European Colonization: Effects

  • Indigenous population decline (diseases, harsh treatment)
  • Forced labor systems (encomienda, mita)
  • Cultural and social changes in the Americas
  • Introduction of new goods and ideas

Colonial Systems: Similarities (Spain and Portugal)

  • Reliance on forced labor (encomienda, African slavery)
  • Resource extraction (sugar, gold, silver)
  • Wealth generation from enslaved populations

Colonial Systems: Differences (France and England)

  • Interactions with Indigenous peoples: alliances (France) vs. displacement (England)
  • French trade with Native Americans (especially in fur trade)
  • English focused on settlement

Colonialism and Resistance

  • Colonialism lead to violence and resistance from enslaved people and descendants to escape oppression and maintain freedom

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Test your knowledge on the Renaissance period and various forms of monarchy, including absolute and constitutional monarchies. Explore key figures such as King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella, and King Louis XIV, along with significant events like the Spanish Inquisition and the Reformation.

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