Remote Sensing Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of remote sensing?

  • Analyzing objects by touch
  • Physically interacting with objects to gather information
  • Gathering information without physical contact (correct)
  • Measuring the weight of objects from space

Passive sensors have their own source of energy.

False (B)

What is the first step in the remote sensing process?

Energy Source

Electromagnetic radiation is measured and recorded by a ______.

<p>sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the interaction between energy and the atmosphere result in?

<p>The energy being absorbed or scattered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Passive sensors = Depend on an external energy source Active sensors = Have their own source of energy Electromagnetic Radiation = Energy emitted from the sun and other sources Remote sensing = Gathering information without physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Active sensors are more dependent on varying illumination conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the sensor records the data, what is the next step?

<p>Transmission, Reception, and Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final element in the remote sensing process?

<p>Application of information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is primarily used for capturing and presenting non-geographical data?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

<p>to predict the effect of a proposed project on the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Environmental (Protection) Act of ______ led to the mandate of Environmental Clearance (EC).

<p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of an interdisciplinary team for an EIA?

<p>Economist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the EIA stage with its description:

<p>Organizing the job = Creating an interdisciplinary team for the assessment Performing the assessment = Visiting the site and preparing checklists Writing of EIS = Describing site, project and mitigation measures Screening = Determining the requirement and level of assessment of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these project types would typically require a mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

<p>A major mining project (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

EIA only considers the adverse effects of a project and does not examine beneficial consequences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) identifies and predicts the potential environmental and social consequences of a project?

<p>Impact analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scoping stage of EIA determines if a project should be approved or rejected.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EMS stand for?

<p>Environmental Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ISO 14001 standard was introduced in the year ________.

<p>1996</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following EIA stages with their description:

<p>Scoping = Defines project boundaries and timelines. Mitigation measures = Recommends actions to reduce environmental impacts. Post monitoring = Ensures project impacts adhere to legal standards once project is commissioned. Reporting = Presents the EIA results in a report.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the PDCA cycle for EMS?

<p>Ideating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An effective EMS can help in increasing unnecessary expenditure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the ISO 14001 Standard?

<p>To protect the environment from the negative impacts of waste and other industrial pollutants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ISO 14001 certification is valid for five years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the three roles environmental stewards can take.

<p>doer, donor, or practitioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental stewardship conserves natural resources, combats pollution, and protects ______

<p>biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Chipko movement?

<p>To protect trees and forests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following NGOs with their main focus areas:

<p>HelpAge India = Concern for elders and improving their standard of living Care India = Reducing poverty and social injustice CRY (Child Rights and You) = Health, education, and safety of children Smile Foundation = Promoting education among the underprivileged</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)?

<p>They function independently with the objective of improving social conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Practitioners in environmental stewardship participate in environmental aid such as volunteering.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is primarily known for providing mid-day meals to underprivileged children in rural schools?

<p>Akshaya Patra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Red Cross Society only provides blood banks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of issues does the Centre for Science and Environment primarily work on?

<p>environment-development issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

The organization dedicated to preventing abuse and cruelty to animals is called ______.

<p>PETA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organizations with their main function:

<p>Akshaya Patra = Provides mid-day meals to children CUPA = First animal shelter in Bengaluru PFA = Rescues and rehabilitates sick animals Red Cross Society = Provides relief in disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of World Environment Day, established by the United Nations General Assembly?

<p>To raise environmental awareness and promote action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental legislation only addresses issues related to air quality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first major international effort to conserve and protect the human environment held?

<p>1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ministry was formerly known as the Department of Environment?

<p>Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the international organization known for publishing the Red List of Threatened Species?

<p>IUCN</p> Signup and view all the answers

The WWF aims to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with ______.

<p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following international bodies with their primary focus:

<p>WHO = Health FAO = Food and Agriculture UNESCO = Education, Science, and Culture UNICEF = Children's welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the legal liability imposed on enterprise owners regarding hazardous materials?

<p>To ensure they pay compensation for harm caused by accidents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has never changed its name since its formation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym IUCN stand for?

<p>International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Remote Sensing

The process of gathering information about an object or phenomenon without physical contact.

Electromagnetic Radiation

Energy emitted from a source, like the sun, that travels through the atmosphere and interacts with objects.

Interaction with the Target

The way electromagnetic radiation interacts with a material, depending on the material's properties.

Sensors

A device that measures and records electromagnetic radiation.

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Passive Sensors

Sensors that rely on external energy sources, like the sun, for their operation.

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Active Sensors

Sensors that have their own energy source to emit a signal and measure the reflected energy.

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Data Processing

The transformation of raw data from sensors into a form that can be interpreted, usually involving digital processing.

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Interpretation and Analysis

Examining the processed data to extract meaningful information about the target.

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Application in Remote Sensing

The process of using remote sensing data to understand a target, solve problems, or gain new insights.

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Geographic Information System (GIS)

A computer system that analyzes and displays geographically referenced information, enabling us to store, manage, and visualize data related to locations.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

A study that assesses the potential environmental impacts of planned activities or projects, aiming to identify both positive and negative consequences.

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Phase I of EIA

The phase of the EIA process that involves gathering information, identifying impacts, and writing the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

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Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

The document that details the proposed project, its potential environmental effects, mitigation measures, and alternative options.

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Screening in EIA

The first stage of the EIA process, which decides whether a project requires an EIA and what level of assessment is needed.

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Scoping in EIA

The second stage of the EIA process, which assesses the potential impacts of a project at a more detailed level.

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Decision Making in EIA

The final stage of the EIA process, which presents the findings of the EIA to decision-makers, who then approve or reject the project.

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ISO 14001

A set of standards designed to help organizations minimize their environmental impact by improving efficiency, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable practices.

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ISO 14001 Certification

An assessment to determine if an organization’s environmental management system (EMS) meets ISO 14001 standards.

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Impact Analysis in EIA

This stage of EIA focuses on identifying and predicting the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed project.

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Mitigation Measures in EIA

This step in EIA involves recommending actions to minimize or eliminate negative environmental impacts of the project.

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Environmental Stewardship

Individuals or groups that actively engage in protecting and conserving the environment.

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EIA Reporting

This stage presents the findings of the EIA in a comprehensive report, outlining the study's methodology, results, and recommendations.

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NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)

A non-profit organization that works independently to improve social conditions.

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Chipko Movement

An Indian social movement that aimed to protect forests from deforestation.

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EIA Review and Decision

This stage involves evaluating the EIA report and deciding whether to reject, approve, or modify the project based on its environmental impact.

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Environmental Performance

A foundational principle of ISO 14001, focusing on reducing waste and pollution, promoting efficient resource use, and ultimately minimizing the negative impact on the environment.

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Post-Monitoring in EIA

This stage is initiated after project commissioning, monitoring if the project's impacts remain within legal limits and if mitigation measures are being effectively implemented as outlined in the EIA report.

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Recertification

A crucial aspect of ISO 14001, involving regular assessments to verify that an organization's EMS continues to meet the required standards.

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Environmental Management System (EMS)

A structured framework and set of processes that helps an organization reduce its environmental impacts and improve operational efficiency by identifying, managing, and reducing environmental effects.

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Resource Efficiency

A key element of ISO 14001, focusing on the efficient use of resources to decrease waste and energy consumption, leading to environmental benefits and potential cost savings.

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ISO 14001

A globally recognized standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that provides a framework for organizations to establish and manage their environmental management systems (EMS), promoting improved environmental performance.

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Akshaya Patra

An organization that provides mid-day meals to underprivileged children in rural schools, supporting their education.

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Red Cross Society

A humanitarian organization that offers relief and aid to victims of disasters, manages blood banks, and provides first aid in emergencies.

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Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)

A leading environmental non-governmental organization in India, working on issues related to environment and development.

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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

An animal rights organization dedicated to preventing cruelty and abuse against animals.

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Compassion Unlimited Plus Action (CUPA)

The first animal shelter of its kind in Bengaluru, providing care and rehabilitation for animals.

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People for Animals (PFA)

An organization that rescues and rehabilitates sick and needy animals, offering shelter, ambulance services, and other programs.

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Environmental Legislation

The collection of laws and regulations related to environment protection, including air and water quality and endangered species.

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World Environment Day

An annual event celebrated on June 5th, highlighting environmental issues and urging action.

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Liability for Hazardous Substances

Legal responsibility of a business owner to compensate for damages caused by accidents involving hazardous substances (deaths, injuries, property or environmental harm).

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Department of Environment (India)

The government agency responsible for environmental protection in India, formed in 1980 and later renamed Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.

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Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

The current name of India's environmental ministry, emphasizing the importance of climate change in addition to environment and forests. It was renamed in 2014.

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Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

India's statutory organization dedicated to pollution control, established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act.

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IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)

An international organization focused on conservation of nature and sustainable use of natural resources, known for publishing the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature)

A global conservation organization working to protect nature and reduce human impact on the environment, formerly known as 'World Wildlife Fund'.

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Study Notes

Remote Sensing

  • Remote Sensing is a technology for gathering information about an object or phenomenon without physical contact.
  • It involves sensing and recording reflected/emitted energy
  • Processing, analyzing, and applying the information.
  • Some energy from the sun is absorbed by Earth's surface, while the rest is reflected.
  • A detector/sensor in a satellite measures this reflected electromagnetic (EM) radiation.
  • This helps identify land cover types (soil, water, vegetation)
  • Sensors are devices measuring and recording EM energy.
  • Passive sensors rely on an external energy source (sun).
  • Active sensors have their own energy source and don't depend on varying sunlight.

Steps/Process

  • Energy Source: Provides EM energy to the target.
  • Radiation and Atmosphere: Energy interacts with the atmosphere during travel to the target.
  • Interaction with Target: Energy interacts with target properties.
  • Recording by Sensor: Sensor records reflected/emitted energy.
  • Transmission, Reception, and Processing: Transmitting and processing the data at a receiving station.
  • Interpretation and Analysis: Processing data to extract information - using image processing tools.
  • Application: Using derived information to understand the target, solve problems, or generate new info.

Geographic Information System (GIS)

  • GIS is a computer system analyzing and displaying geographically-referenced information.
  • GIS captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages, and presents various geographic data.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

  • EIA is a study predicting the effects of a proposed activity on the environment.
  • EIA assesses both beneficial and adverse consequences of a project, to identify possible environmental effects.
  • EIA produces measures to mitigate any adverse effects.
  • By considering environmental effects early in the project, planning benefits from cost and time savings.
  • EIA is mandatory for certain projects.
  • The EIA is done in two stages (Phase I & II).

Phase I EIA

  • An interdisciplinary team (geologist, biologist, hydrologist, engineers...) undertakes the assessment.
  • The team visits the site, identifies and evaluates the characteristics of the site.
  • (EIS) Environmental Impact statement is written. It describes the site, project, goals, objectives, alternative measures to minimize adverse effects.
  • The team reviews the report.

Phase II EIA

  • Screening: Determines if project requires EIA and its required level.
  • Scoping: Identifies important issues/benefits of the project and its boundary and time limit.
  • Impact analysis: Identifies and predicts social and environmental impact.
  • Mitigation measures: Recommends actions to reduce adverse consequences of projects.
  • Reporting: Preparing an EIA report summarizing the findings.
  • Review: Decision on the project (rejected, approved, or needs revision). Post-monitoring: Ensures project's impact meets legal standards.

Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

  • EMS is a set of processes/practices enabling an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and boost efficiency.
  • EMS identifies ways an organization's activities affect the environment.
  • Running an active EMS improves resource efficiency, reduces spending/waste management, and more.
  • Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA): Cycle model for EMS planning, implementation, monitoring, and improvements.

ISO 14001

  • ISO 14001 is a standard for developing and improving Environmental Management Systems.
  • Organizations use it to reduce negative impacts on the environment and improve environmental performance.
  • Certification process ensures continued environmental efforts at set standards.

Environmental Stewardship

  • Environmental stewardship actively protects and responsibly uses the natural environment.
  • Individuals, groups, and organizations engage in conservation and sustainable practices.
  • Doers: Active in environmental aid (volunteering). Donors: Financial support for causes. Practitioners: Daily advocates for environmental issues in collaboration with NGOs.

NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)

  • Independent organizations operating with objectives to improve social conditions.
  • Examples: (HelpAge India; Chipko movement; Care India; CRY, etc.)

Environmental Legislation

  • Collection of laws and regulations pertaining to air quality, water quality, endangered species, etc.
  • Regulations protect and improve the environment.
  • Acts like Wildlife (Protection) Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, etc. are intended to regulate and manage environmental impacts.

International Bodies

  • UN, WHO, FAO, UNESCO, UNICEF, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), WWF, and UNEP (United Nations Environment Program).
  • These organizations address global environmental challenges, fund projects, and provide guidance to governments.

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Related Documents

Unit 5 Remote Sensing PDF

Description

Explore the fundamentals of Remote Sensing technology, which gathers information about objects or phenomena without direct contact. Understand the differences between passive and active sensors, energy sources, and the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with various land cover types. This quiz covers the essential processes involved in Remote Sensing.

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