Remote Sensing Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of remote sensing?

  • Analyzing objects by touch
  • Physically interacting with objects to gather information
  • Gathering information without physical contact (correct)
  • Measuring the weight of objects from space

    • Passive sensors have their own source of energy.

    False

    What is the first step in the remote sensing process?

    Energy Source

    Electromagnetic radiation is measured and recorded by a ______.

    <p>sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interaction between energy and the atmosphere result in?

    <p>The energy being absorbed or scattered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Passive sensors = Depend on an external energy source Active sensors = Have their own source of energy Electromagnetic Radiation = Energy emitted from the sun and other sources Remote sensing = Gathering information without physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active sensors are more dependent on varying illumination conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the sensor records the data, what is the next step?

    <p>Transmission, Reception, and Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final element in the remote sensing process?

    <p>Application of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Geographic Information System (GIS) is primarily used for capturing and presenting non-geographical data?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

    <p>to predict the effect of a proposed project on the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Environmental (Protection) Act of ______ led to the mandate of Environmental Clearance (EC).

    <p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical component of an interdisciplinary team for an EIA?

    <p>Economist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the EIA stage with its description:

    <p>Organizing the job = Creating an interdisciplinary team for the assessment Performing the assessment = Visiting the site and preparing checklists Writing of EIS = Describing site, project and mitigation measures Screening = Determining the requirement and level of assessment of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these project types would typically require a mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?

    <p>A major mining project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    EIA only considers the adverse effects of a project and does not examine beneficial consequences.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) identifies and predicts the potential environmental and social consequences of a project?

    <p>Impact analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scoping stage of EIA determines if a project should be approved or rejected.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EMS stand for?

    <p>Environmental Management System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ISO 14001 standard was introduced in the year ________.

    <p>1996</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following EIA stages with their description:

    <p>Scoping = Defines project boundaries and timelines. Mitigation measures = Recommends actions to reduce environmental impacts. Post monitoring = Ensures project impacts adhere to legal standards once project is commissioned. Reporting = Presents the EIA results in a report.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the PDCA cycle for EMS?

    <p>Ideating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An effective EMS can help in increasing unnecessary expenditure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the ISO 14001 Standard?

    <p>To protect the environment from the negative impacts of waste and other industrial pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ISO 14001 certification is valid for five years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the three roles environmental stewards can take.

    <p>doer, donor, or practitioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental stewardship conserves natural resources, combats pollution, and protects ______

    <p>biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of the Chipko movement?

    <p>To protect trees and forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following NGOs with their main focus areas:

    <p>HelpAge India = Concern for elders and improving their standard of living Care India = Reducing poverty and social injustice CRY (Child Rights and You) = Health, education, and safety of children Smile Foundation = Promoting education among the underprivileged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)?

    <p>They function independently with the objective of improving social conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practitioners in environmental stewardship participate in environmental aid such as volunteering.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is primarily known for providing mid-day meals to underprivileged children in rural schools?

    <p>Akshaya Patra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Red Cross Society only provides blood banks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of issues does the Centre for Science and Environment primarily work on?

    <p>environment-development issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organization dedicated to preventing abuse and cruelty to animals is called ______.

    <p>PETA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations with their main function:

    <p>Akshaya Patra = Provides mid-day meals to children CUPA = First animal shelter in Bengaluru PFA = Rescues and rehabilitates sick animals Red Cross Society = Provides relief in disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of World Environment Day, established by the United Nations General Assembly?

    <p>To raise environmental awareness and promote action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental legislation only addresses issues related to air quality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the first major international effort to conserve and protect the human environment held?

    <p>1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ministry was formerly known as the Department of Environment?

    <p>Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the international organization known for publishing the Red List of Threatened Species?

    <p>IUCN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The WWF aims to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with ______.

    <p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following international bodies with their primary focus:

    <p>WHO = Health FAO = Food and Agriculture UNESCO = Education, Science, and Culture UNICEF = Children's welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the legal liability imposed on enterprise owners regarding hazardous materials?

    <p>To ensure they pay compensation for harm caused by accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has never changed its name since its formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym IUCN stand for?

    <p>International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Remote Sensing

    • Remote Sensing is a technology for gathering information about an object or phenomenon without physical contact.
    • It involves sensing and recording reflected/emitted energy
    • Processing, analyzing, and applying the information.
    • Some energy from the sun is absorbed by Earth's surface, while the rest is reflected.
    • A detector/sensor in a satellite measures this reflected electromagnetic (EM) radiation.
    • This helps identify land cover types (soil, water, vegetation)
    • Sensors are devices measuring and recording EM energy.
    • Passive sensors rely on an external energy source (sun).
    • Active sensors have their own energy source and don't depend on varying sunlight.

    Steps/Process

    • Energy Source: Provides EM energy to the target.
    • Radiation and Atmosphere: Energy interacts with the atmosphere during travel to the target.
    • Interaction with Target: Energy interacts with target properties.
    • Recording by Sensor: Sensor records reflected/emitted energy.
    • Transmission, Reception, and Processing: Transmitting and processing the data at a receiving station.
    • Interpretation and Analysis: Processing data to extract information - using image processing tools.
    • Application: Using derived information to understand the target, solve problems, or generate new info.

    Geographic Information System (GIS)

    • GIS is a computer system analyzing and displaying geographically-referenced information.
    • GIS captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages, and presents various geographic data.

    Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

    • EIA is a study predicting the effects of a proposed activity on the environment.
    • EIA assesses both beneficial and adverse consequences of a project, to identify possible environmental effects.
    • EIA produces measures to mitigate any adverse effects.
    • By considering environmental effects early in the project, planning benefits from cost and time savings.
    • EIA is mandatory for certain projects.
    • The EIA is done in two stages (Phase I & II).

    Phase I EIA

    • An interdisciplinary team (geologist, biologist, hydrologist, engineers...) undertakes the assessment.
    • The team visits the site, identifies and evaluates the characteristics of the site.
    • (EIS) Environmental Impact statement is written. It describes the site, project, goals, objectives, alternative measures to minimize adverse effects.
    • The team reviews the report.

    Phase II EIA

    • Screening: Determines if project requires EIA and its required level.
    • Scoping: Identifies important issues/benefits of the project and its boundary and time limit.
    • Impact analysis: Identifies and predicts social and environmental impact.
    • Mitigation measures: Recommends actions to reduce adverse consequences of projects.
    • Reporting: Preparing an EIA report summarizing the findings.
    • Review: Decision on the project (rejected, approved, or needs revision). Post-monitoring: Ensures project's impact meets legal standards.

    Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

    • EMS is a set of processes/practices enabling an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and boost efficiency.
    • EMS identifies ways an organization's activities affect the environment.
    • Running an active EMS improves resource efficiency, reduces spending/waste management, and more.
    • Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA): Cycle model for EMS planning, implementation, monitoring, and improvements.

    ISO 14001

    • ISO 14001 is a standard for developing and improving Environmental Management Systems.
    • Organizations use it to reduce negative impacts on the environment and improve environmental performance.
    • Certification process ensures continued environmental efforts at set standards.

    Environmental Stewardship

    • Environmental stewardship actively protects and responsibly uses the natural environment.
    • Individuals, groups, and organizations engage in conservation and sustainable practices.
    • Doers: Active in environmental aid (volunteering). Donors: Financial support for causes. Practitioners: Daily advocates for environmental issues in collaboration with NGOs.

    NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)

    • Independent organizations operating with objectives to improve social conditions.
    • Examples: (HelpAge India; Chipko movement; Care India; CRY, etc.)

    Environmental Legislation

    • Collection of laws and regulations pertaining to air quality, water quality, endangered species, etc.
    • Regulations protect and improve the environment.
    • Acts like Wildlife (Protection) Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, etc. are intended to regulate and manage environmental impacts.

    International Bodies

    • UN, WHO, FAO, UNESCO, UNICEF, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), WWF, and UNEP (United Nations Environment Program).
    • These organizations address global environmental challenges, fund projects, and provide guidance to governments.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 5 Remote Sensing PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of Remote Sensing technology, which gathers information about objects or phenomena without direct contact. Understand the differences between passive and active sensors, energy sources, and the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with various land cover types. This quiz covers the essential processes involved in Remote Sensing.

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