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Questions and Answers
What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discover with his invention of the microscope?
Tiny creatures, one thousand times smaller than a louse, in drops of water, in the fluid from a cow's eyes, and in dental plaque (bacteria)
What did Christiaan Huygens discover with his invention of the telescope in 1651?
The rings of the planet Saturn
What was the 'privileged church' in the Republic?
The Reformed Church
What is the basis for all things, according to Christiaan Huygens?
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What was a restriction on Catholics in the Republic?
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Why was accurate timekeeping important in navigation?
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Why did John Maurice of Nassau tolerate Catholic Portuguese plantation owners in Brazil?
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What made Amsterdam a unique place for Jewish refugees?
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What innovation did Christiaan Huygens design to improve timekeeping?
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What was the focus of John Maurice's study in Brazil?
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What was the limitation of even the pendulum clock in navigation?
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What attitude contributed to the possibility of scientific investigation in the Republic?
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What was the reason behind the Republic's tolerance towards other religions?
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What characterized the attitude of the Republic towards people of other faiths?
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Study Notes
Faith and Tolerance
- In the Republic, the Reformed Church was the privileged church, and Calvinist ministers were paid by the government.
- Only Calvinists could hold positions like mayor or government official.
- Although the government did not interfere with people's private beliefs, non-Calvinists were not allowed to hold public processions or build churches.
- Catholics, for example, could practice their religion in secret, and some turned their attics into hidden churches.
Trade and Tolerance
- John Maurice of Nassau was tolerant of indigenous peoples in Brazil because he needed allies to fight the Portuguese.
- He also tolerated Catholic Portuguese plantation owners because he needed their expertise.
- The Republic's tolerance was often driven by political and economic interests.
- Jewish refugees from Antwerp were allowed to build a synagogue in Amsterdam, which was unusual for the time.
Science and Tolerance
- John Maurice's curiosity about Brazilian nature and culture led to scientific investigations.
- The freedom of thought and relative tolerance in the Republic enabled scientific inquiry.
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented a microscope, discovering bacteria in water, cow's eyes, and dental plaque.
- Christiaan Huygens invented the telescope, discovered the rings of Saturn, and found the basis of all things in mathematics.
- Huygens also designed the pendulum clock, enabling accurate timekeeping and navigation at sea.
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Description
This quiz explores the religious tolerance and restrictions in the Republic, particularly towards non-Calvinists. Learn about the privileges of the Reformed Church and the limitations imposed on other faiths.
