Religious Conflicts in 16th Century Europe
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Questions and Answers

By the 16th century, what religions were rising in conflict in Europe?

Catholicism and Calvinism

What action by Phillip II resulted in a Turkish fleet in 1571?

Forming the Holy League

What agreement in 1609 led to Spain's formal recognition of Dutch becoming an independent state?

The Twelve Years' Truce

This event showed that Spain was not as powerful as it claimed/once was.

<p>The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588</p> Signup and view all the answers

What war did Phillip II use to reclaim its power in Europe and get back the Netherlands?

<p>The Thirty Years' War</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were French Protestants/Calvinists called?

<p>Huguenots</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Edict of Nantes grant to the Huguenots?

<p>Religious freedom and the right to worship</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for religious disputes in German lands after the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?

<p>The peace settlement didn't recognize Calvinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the English Civil War known as?

<p>The English Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the English Bill of Rights help create?

<p>A system of government based on a freely elected Parliament and the rule of law (no dictators!!)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who fought in the English Civil War?

<p>The Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Royalists/ Caliavers (supporters of the King)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Peace of Westphalia and why was it important?

<p>The treaty ended the Thirty Years War and began to shape European politics, recognizing Dutch independence, Calvinism, and state sovereignty; also weakened the Holy Roman Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reign was considered the best example of an absolute monarch monarchy and why?

<p>King Louis XIV in France; he had complete authority over foreign policy, the church taxation, nobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What culture saw its rise all over Europe and what caused this?

<p>France's culture saw its influence in Europe because his court was initiated by governments throughout Europe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Cardinal Richelieu and what role did he play in shaping King Louis XIV's reign?

<p>Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIV and established the absolute monarchy that later helped King Louis XIV; Richelieu supported the idea of limiting the nobility/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the ways Louis XIV maintained his power as an absolute power?

<p>He maintained a strict routine, had the mentality that nothing happened w/o his approval, built the Palace of Versailles to keep the nobility in check by having them engaged in court life rather than in political affairs, had himself named the &quot;Sun King&quot; to boost his influence and power. most known for his saying &quot;I am the State&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sun King do to maintain "religious harmony"?

<p>He prosecuted Huguenots and revoked the Edict of Nantes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What policies did Jean Baptiste Colbert, the minister of finance, go by to increase France's wealth and how?

<p>Jean Baptiste Colbert went by Mercantilist policies, and did this by decreasing imports and increasing exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Louis XIV develop an army to engage in wars?

<p>He did this to dominate Europe, gain more power as a France State</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phillip IV of Spain attempted to establish an absolute monarch but why did he fail?

<p>He was unable to curtail the power of the Spanish nobles and expensive wars (failed wars as well), which led to revolts so the government was weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fredrick William the Great (Prussia) laid what foundation in order to increase its power in Europe?

<p>He laid an efficient foundation to building a large and standing army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the General War Commissariat?

<p>It levy taxes for the army, and to oversee the army's growth, evolving into an agency for civil government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Austrian Hapsburg expand their territory?

<p>They expanded their territory by military conquest and strategic marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blocked Austria from becoming an absolute monarchy?

<p>It's diverse territories and ethnic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

<p>Renaissance, study of ancient authorities (Aristotle + Galen+ Plato+ Archimedes), printing press, and Universities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were some key figures in the Scientific Revolution?

<p>Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Rene Descartes, and Francis Bacon</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some achievements that came from the Scientific Revolution?

<p>Scientific Method, discoveries in human anatomy + body, Keplers First Law, Newton's universal law of gravitation, advances in astronomy because of the telescope, and inventions of the syringe and hydraulic press because of Pascal's law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Gaileo tried for heresy for his discoveries?

<p>His discoveries were misaligned with scriptural authority and what was thought of the Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

16th Century Religious Conflict

Catholicism and Calvinism.

Phillip II's Action (1571)

Forming The Holy League.

Dutch Independence (1609)

The Twelve Years' Truce.

Spain's Weakness Shown (1588)

Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

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Phillip II's Reclamation War

The Thirty Years' War.

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French Protestants

Huguenots.

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Edict of Nantes Granted

Religious freedom and the right to worship.

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Religious Disputes in German Lands

The peace settlement didn't recognize Calvinism.

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English Civil War

The English Revolution.

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English Bill of Rights Created

A system of government based on a freely elected Parliament and the rule of law (no dictators!!).

Signup and view all the flashcards

English Civil War Combatants

The Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Royalists/ Caliavers (supporters of the King).

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Peace of Westphalia

The treaty ended the Thirty Years War and began to shape European politics, recognizing Dutch independence, Calvinism, and state sovereignty; also weakened the Holy Roman Empire.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Absolute Monarch Exemplar

King Louis XIV in France; he had complete authority over foreign policy, the church taxation, nobility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rise of French Culture

France's culture saw its influence in Europe because his court was initiated by governments throughout Europe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cardinal Richelieu's Role

Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIV and established the absolute monarchy that later helped King Louis XIV; Richelieu supported the idea of limiting the nobility/.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Louis XIV's Power Maintenance

He maintained a strict routine, had the mentality that nothing happened w/o his approval, built the Palace of Versailles to keep the nobility in check by having them engaged in court life rather than in political affairs, had himself named the "Sun King" to boost his influence and power. most known for his saying "I am the State"

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sun King's Religious Harmony

He prosecuted Huguenots and revoked the Edict of Nantes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Jean Baptiste Colbert's Policy

Jean Baptiste Colbert went by Mercantilist policies, and did this by decreasing imports and increasing exports.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Louis XIV Developed Army to dominate

He did this to dominate Europe, gain more power as a France State

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phillip IV's Failure

He was unable to curtail the power of the Spanish nobles and expensive wars (failed wars as well), which led to revolts so the government was weak

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fredrick William the Great's Foundation.

He laid an efficient foundation to building a large and standing army.

Signup and view all the flashcards

General War Commissariat

It levy taxes for the army, and to oversee the army's growth, evolving into an agency for civil government.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Austrian Hapsburg expand military and territory.

They expanded their territory by military conquest and strategic marriage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Austria Blocked Absolutism.

It's diverse territories and ethnic groups.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scientific Discoveries

Renaissance, study of ancient authorities (Aristotle + Galen+ Plato+ Archimedes), printing press, and Universities

Signup and view all the flashcards

Key Figures in Scientific Revolution

Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Rene Descartes, and Francis Bacon

Signup and view all the flashcards

Achievement from Revolution

Scientific Method, discoveries in human anatomy + body, Keplers First Law, Newton's universal law of gravitation, advances in astronomy because of the telescope, and inventions of the syringe and hydraulic press because of Pascal's law.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gaileo Heresy

His discoveries were misaligned with scriptural authority and what was thought of the Church.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Religious Conflicts in 16th Century Europe

  • Catholicism and Calvinism were the religions in conflict.

Phillip II and the Holy League

  • Phillip II formed the Holy League, resulting in a Turkish fleet in 1571.

Spain's Recognition of Dutch Independence

  • The Twelve Years' Truce in 1609 led to Spain formally recognizing Dutch independence.

Decline of Spanish Power

  • The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 demonstrated a decline in Spanish power.

Phillip II and the Thirty Years' War

  • Phillip II used the Thirty Years' War to reclaim power in Europe and regain the Netherlands.

French Protestants

  • French Protestants/Calvinists were called Huguenots.

Edict of Nantes

  • The Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom and worship rights to the Huguenots.

Religious Disputes in German Lands

  • Religious disputes in German lands primarily stemmed from the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 not recognizing Calvinism.

The English Civil War

  • The English Civil War was also known as the English Revolution.

English Bill of Rights

  • The English Bill of Rights helped create a system based on an elected Parliament and the rule of law.

Participants in the English Civil War

  • The Roundheads supported Parliament, while the Royalists/Cavaliers supported the King.

Peace of Westphalia

  • The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War.
  • It shaped European politics by recognizing Dutch independence, Calvinism, and state sovereignty.
  • It weakened the Holy Roman Empire.

King Louis XIV

  • King Louis XIV in France is considered the best example of an absolute monarch.
  • He possessed complete authority over foreign policy, the church, taxation, and nobility.

Rise of French Culture

  • French culture's influence rose across Europe due to its court being imitated by governments.

Cardinal Richelieu's Role

  • Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIV.
  • He established the absolute monarchy, limiting the nobility's power.

Louis XIV's Methods of Maintaining Power

  • Louis XIV maintained a strict routine and believed nothing happened without his approval.
  • He built the Palace of Versailles to manage the nobility.
  • He named himself the "Sun King" to increase his influence.
  • He said "I am the State".

Sun King and Religious Harmony

  • The Sun King prosecuted Huguenots and revoked the Edict of Nantes to maintain "religious harmony".

Jean Baptiste Colbert's Policies

  • Jean Baptiste Colbert, the minister of finance, used mercantilist policies to decrease imports and increase exports, thus increasing Frances wealth.

Louis XIV's Army

  • Louis XIV developed an army to dominate Europe and increase French power.

Phillip IV of Spain's Failed Absolutism

  • Phillip IV of Spain failed to establish an absolute monarchy due to his inability to curtail the power of the Spanish nobles.
  • Expensive and failed wars led to revolts and a weak government.

Fredrick William the Great

  • Fredrick William the Great of Prussia established groundwork for a large standing army.

General War Commissariat

  • The General War Commissariat levied taxes for the army.
  • It oversaw the army's growth, evolving into a civil government agency.

Austrian Hapsburg Expansion

  • Austrian Hapsburg expanded territory through military conquest and strategic marriage.

Obstacles to Austrian Absolutism

  • Austria's diverse territories and ethnic groups hindered its path to becoming an absolute monarchy.

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

  • The Renaissance, study of ancient authorities, printing press, and universities contributed to it.

Key Figures

  • Key figures include Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Rene Descartes, and Francis Bacon.

Achievements

  • Achievements encompass the Scientific Method, discoveries in human anatomy, Kepler's First Law, Newton's universal law of gravitation, advances in astronomy through the telescope, and inventions like the syringe and hydraulic press based on Pascal's law.

Galileo's Heresy Trial

  • Gaileo was tried for heresy because his discoveries contradicted scriptural authority and Church teachings.

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Description

Explore 16th-century religious conflicts between Catholicism and Calvinism. Examine Phillip II's Holy League and the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Learn about Spain's recognition of Dutch independence and the Edict of Nantes for French Huguenots.

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