Religious Concepts and Judaism Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Monotheistic' refer to?

  • The belief in one god (correct)
  • The belief in a cosmic force
  • The disbelief in any gods
  • The belief in multiple gods

Which of the following best describes the term 'Polytheistic'?

  • Belief in a universal force that governs all.
  • Disbelief in the existence of any deity.
  • Belief in multiple gods. (correct)
  • Belief in a single, supreme deity.

An atheist believes in the existence of God.

False (B)

Which worldview emphasizes the interconnectedness of all life and the significance of nature?

<p>Cosmocentric worldview (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Religious Impulse'?

<p>The urge to believe in something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is an agnostic individual?

<p>A person who doubts the existence of a god. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a creed in the context of religion?

<p>A belief system about God or the meaning of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cult is characterized by its open and transparent practices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'Community' in a religious context?

<p>A group of believers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mainstream religions?

<p>Large and well-known religions with millions of followers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are religious sects?

<p>Small groups that break away from a larger religion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A destructive cult typically promotes freedom and open communication, while promoting healthy boundaries for its members.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Indigenous' populations?

<p>Groups that are native to a particular environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The First Nations are the smallest group of Indigenous people in Canada.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Metis?

<p>The Metis emerged through intermarriage between First Nations and European settlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the Indigenous people who primarily reside in the northern regions of Canada, Greenland, Alaska, and Russia?

<p>Inuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of the covenant with God in Judaism?

<p>Abraham</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a covenant in the context of Judaism?

<p>An agreement with God and his people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Shema?

<p>The central affirmation of Judaism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Jewish terms with their definitions:

<p>Torah/Tanakh = First 5 books of the Hebrew Scriptures; meaning law/revelation/teaching Talmud = a collection of writings that covers the full scope of Jewish law and tradition; interpretation/commentary of Bible; the main text is in the Mishnah Bar/Bat Mitzvah = On a boy's 13 Birthday, a Bar Mitzvah is held at the synagogue to mark the boy's formal admission to the Jewish religious energy, when he takes responsibility for his religious obligations. Bat Mitzvah = In conservative or reformed Judaism, a Bat Mitzvah is held on a girl's 12 birthday, she takes responsibility for her religious obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Sabbath in Judaism?

<p>The most important day of the week; Put aside work and pleasure' period of rest for prayer and family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Yom Kippur?

<p>10 days after Rosh Hashana; the holiest day of the year = white sabbath = day of atonement; God decides each person's fate, encourages to make amends and forgive; displays self-discipline; focuses on spiritual and not on material things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Kashrut/Kosher?

<p>rules governing what can be eaten by Jews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'TEREFAH' foods?

<p>not permitted foods according to Kashrut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the basis of the Kashrut Laws.

<p>Kashrut Laws appear as a basis for hygiene and healthy living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some of the forbidden animals according to Kashrut.

<p>Certain animals (camel, pig, shellfish, birds of prey and more) can't be eaten.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kashrut, meat and dairy can be consumed together.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics must kosher animals possess?

<p>Animals must have cloven hooves and chew its cud (ex. Goats, deer, sheep, cattle, etc).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the limitations regarding blood and fat in Kosher meals.

<p>Certain parts can/cannot be eaten (like you cannot eat blood/fat); must drain all blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meat that is killed by natural causes is considered kosher according to Jewish law.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Western Wall?

<p>the 'wailing' wall; The remaining wall from the original Temple Mount; also called Kotel meaning wall in Hebrew.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Circumcision in Judaism?

<p>Brit Milah; Baby boys are circumcised 8 days after birth to symbolize commitment to Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is a Mohel?

<p>a trained rabbi who administers the circumcision in a ceremony (Brit Milah).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event triggered a renewed push for the creation of Israel?

<p>Holocaust or Shoah (destruction) and 6 million Jews killed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Anti-Semitism?

<p>hostility to, prejudice or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such a position is called an 'anti-semite'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Rosh Hashanah?

<p>Head of the New Year; wearing white as cleansing; Begins in September, 10 days of repentance (ending from Yom Kippur); Shofar is blown (Abraham sacrificing Isaac); candle lighting at sunset with a blessing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of a Synagogue in Judaism.

<p>also known as 'Shul', a place of worship; rabbis are found—who are Jewish teachers and can be appointed as leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Moses known for in Jewish history?

<p>the founder of Judaism. He brought the Hebrews out of Egypt (Exodus—'going out').</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Diaspora' refer to in the context of Jewish history?

<p>people displaced from their homeland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief behind the Jewish notion of being 'Chosen People'?

<p>Jews think that they are chosen by God to worship him and fulfill their missions for him (spreading the truth about him).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Promised Land' in the context of Judaism?

<p>God's offering of promised land to Abraham and his descendants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Day of Repentance?

<p>God judges humanity; asks for forgiveness of sins and sorts it out with prayer, repentance, and charity; Does a ritual called &quot;kapparot&quot; waving money or white chicken over a person's head; fasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Passover?

<p>A reminder of Jewish history of slavery and freedom; cleaning the house; to a traditional hunt for hidden afikomen; eating unleavened bread—-matzah—to be humbled; followed by a Seder feast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Shavuot?

<p>50 days after Passover; giving of Torah on Mount Sinai and grain harvest for summer; 7 weeks of mourning (no weddings/celebrations); pull all-nighters to study Torah; eat dairy treats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hanukkah?

<p>November to December, celebration for Maccabees and liberated the Jews, drove Syrians out of Israel and cleansed the temple; lighting the Menorah from left to right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Purim?

<p>February to March, Spring festival; the heart of Purim, the story of Esther (means lots, casting lots to pick a day for the massacre by Haman); people dress up in costume and go to synagogues to perform plays; eat triangular pastries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Kosher Law?

<p>A set of dietary requirements that determine what a Jew can and cannot consume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "KOSHER" signify?

<p>What a Jew can eat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the meaning of "Jew's observance".

<p>Obedience to G-d's commandment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traditional Jews will wear black clothing during the New Year celebrations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some common Jewish milestones throughout a person's life.

<p>Birth (circumcision), bar/bat mitzvah, engagement, marriage, death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Star of David?

<p>Also called Shield of David.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical significance of 'Chai'?

<p>Number 18.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbolic meaning of the Hamsa?

<p>Eye in the centre of hand/5 fingers bring happiness, luck, health, good fortune.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Ablution Cup used for?

<p>Used as a washing ritual, washing the hands with a cup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Shabbat Candlesticks?

<p>Lit Friday evening before sunset to usher in Jewish Sabbath, rabbinically mandated by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Dreidel?

<p>Spinning top associated with Hanukkah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Havdalah Candle and Holder?

<p>Jewish religious ceremony that marks the symbolic end of Shabbat and ushers in the new week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Kiddush Cup and Tray?

<p>Jewish benediction and prayer recited over a cup of wine immediately before the meal on the eve of the Sabbath or of a festival; the ceremony acknowledges the sanctity of the day that has just begun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Menorah?

<p>described in the Bible as the seven-lamp (six-branched) ancient Hebrew lampstand made out of pure gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Mezuzah?

<p>is fixed to the doorpost of Jewish homes to fulfill the mitzvah</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Prayer Book in a Jewish context?

<p>a Jewish prayer book containing a set order of daily prayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Seder Tray?

<p>special plate which contains symbolic foods that are eaten or displayed at the Passover Seder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Passover Seder?

<p>a Jewish holiday celebrated in the spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Spice Box?

<p>a box holding or designed to hold spices especially: a box fitted with smaller boxes for holding spices</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tallit?

<p>a shawl with fringed corners worn over the head or shoulders by Jewish men especially during morning prayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Tallit Katan?

<p>(Yiddish/Ashkenazic Hebrew tallis koton; small tallit) is a fringed garment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tanakh (Old Testament) in Jewish tradition?

<p>the Jewish Scriptures comprising the books of law, the prophets, and collected writings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Torah Replica?

<p>Made to resemble a traditional Sephardi Torah scroll</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Crusades?

<p>A series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Crusades take place?

<p>Series of 8 military campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem from 1096 to 1271.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the Crusades?

<p>Christians were fighting the Muslims for control of Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many people died during the Crusades?

<p>Over 1.7 million people died from both sides during the Crusades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the literal meaning of "crusade"?

<p>The word 'crusade' literally means 'going to the Cross'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was Jerusalem characterized before the Crusades?

<p>A multicultural city where Jews, Muslims, and Christians lived peacefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of Constantine's dream?

<p>He had a dream that if he took the sign of the cross into battle, he would be victorious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Constantine impact the legal status of Christianity within the Roman Empire?

<p>Constantine signed a declaration that Christians should no longer be persecuted in the Roman Empire in 313 CE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structures did Constantine construct for Christian worship?

<p>Constantine built basilicas, which are very large churches, to worship in between 308-312 CE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Monotheistic

Belief in one god.

Polytheistic

Belief in many gods.

Atheist

Someone who holds that no god exists.

Cosmocentric Worldview

Nature is an expression of the sacred realm, reflected in Indigenous beliefs and practices; all life is interconnected; humans are situated in a complex web of relationships with their physical habitat, animals, spirits and the dead.

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Religious Impulse

Urge to believe in something.

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Agnostic

A person who doubts that humankind can know the existence of a possible god and the possible existence of anything beyond this life.

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Creed

Belief system about God or the meaning of life, ex. Apostles Creed.

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Cult

A secretive group that brainwashes its members and practices harmful rituals for the sake of a 'charismatic' leader.

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Code

Moral conduct people are to follow, ex. Ten Commandments.

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Community

Group of believers, ex. Adherents gathering for mass.

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Mainstream religions

Large and very well known religions with millions of followers, such as Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, etc.

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Religious Sects

Break away from the main religion, which is relatively small and new. Ex. Buddhism to Zen Buddhism.

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Destructive Cult

A cult that alters members' behavior, suppresses doubts and questions, keeps members sleep-deprived and hungry, induces guilt feelings to control them, and is almost impossible to leave.

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Indigenous

A group belonging naturally to an environment born in a region; gives homage to territories and encourages land acknowledgement.

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First Nations

Largest Indigenous group, spread throughout Canada; 618 First Nations are recognized.

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Metis

Emerged through intermarriage between First Nations and European settlers.

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Inuit

Indigenous people who live in the north; an Inuit person is known as an Inuk; they can be found in Greenland, Alaska, Russia.

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Abraham

A founder of the covenant with God, the first Jewish, received a vision from God to go to the Promised Land.

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Covenant

An agreement with God and his people; promises made.

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Shema

The central affirmation of Judaism. The prayer expresses belief in the singularity of God, that is, in God's oneness and incomparability.

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Torah/Tanakh

First 5 books of the Hebrew Scriptures; meaning law/revelation/teaching.

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Talmud

a collection of writings that covers the full scope of Jewish law and tradition; interpretation/commentary of Bible; the main text is in the Mishnah.

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Bar Mitzvah

On a boy's 13 Birthday, a Bar Mitzvah is held at the synagogue to mark the boy's formal admission to the Jewish religious energy, when he takes responsibility for his religious obligations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bat Mitzvah

In conservative or reformed Judaism, a Bat Mitzvah is held on a girl's 12 birthday, she takes responsibility for her religious obligations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sabbath

Shabbat/Sabbath; The most important day of the week; Put aside work and pleasure' period of rest for prayer and family; Begins Friday sunset to Saturday sunset; Synagogue service: Friday (sunset) Saturday (morning). It opens with a lit candle and ends with a family shabbat dinner with a Kiddush = Blessing.

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Yom Kippur

10 days after Rosh Hashana; the holiest day of the year = white sabbath = day of atonement; God decides each person's fate, encourages to make amends and forgive; displays self-discipline; focuses on spiritual and not on material things.

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Study Notes

Religious Concepts

  • Monotheistic: Belief in one god (e.g., Christianity, Judaism).
  • Polytheistic: Belief in many gods.
  • Atheist: Belief in no god.
  • Agnostic: Doubts the ability to know about a god's existence.
  • Cosmocentric Worldview: Indigenous belief system; nature as sacred, interconnectivity of all life.
  • Religious Impulse: The urge to believe in something.
  • Creed: A set of beliefs about God or life (e.g., Apostle's Creed).
  • Cult (destructive): A secretive group with harmful rituals & controlling leaders; sleep deprivation, induced guilt.
  • Cult (general): A relatively small, new religious group that breaks away from a larger mainstream religion..
  • Mainstream Religions: Large, well-known religions with millions of followers (e.g., Christianity, Buddhism, Islam).

Judaism

  • Abraham: Founder of the covenant with God.
  • Covenant: Agreement with God and the people.
  • Shema: Central affirmation of Judaism, emphasizing God's oneness.
  • Torah/Tanakh: First 5 books of Hebrew Scriptures (law, revelation, teaching).
  • Talmud: Writings covering Jewish law and tradition, interpretation of the Bible.
  • Bar/Bat Mitzvah: Jewish coming-of-age ceremony (13 for boys, 12 for girls).
  • Sabbath: Most important day of the week, a day of rest and prayer.
  • Yom Kippur: Holiest Jewish day, a day of atonement and repentance.
  • Kashrut/Kosher: Dietary laws governing what Jews can eat.
  • Terefah: Not permitted food according to Kashrut.
  • Kosher Laws: Rules based on concepts of hygiene and health.
  • Forbidden Animals: Certain animals, (e.g., pigs, shellfish, birds of prey), cannot be consumed.
  • Shechita: Meat slaughtering procedure under Jewish laws.
  • Meat and Dairy: Cannot be consumed together.
  • Kosher Animals: Animals with cloven hooves and must chew their cud (e.g., cattle, sheep).
  • Blood and Fat: Some parts are forbidden from consumption and must be drained or removed.
  • Natural Causes: Meat killed by natural causes is not kosher.
  • Western Wall: Remaining section of the original Temple Mount.
  • Circumcision: Religious ritual, Brit Milah, for baby boys 8 days after birth.
  • Mohel: Clergy who performs circumcision.
  • Holocaust (Shoah): The systematic and mass murder of millions of Jews by Nazi Germany.
  • Anti-Semitism: Hostility or discrimination against Jews.
  • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year.
  • Synagogue: Place of Jewish worship.
  • Moses: Key figure in Jewish tradition who lead the Hebrews out of Egypt.
  • Diaspora: Displacement of people from their homeland.
  • Chosen People: Belief that Jews are chosen by God.
  • Promised Land: Land promised to Abraham and his descendants.
  • Day of Repentance: Ten days after Rosh Hashana; seeking forgiveness from God.
  • Passover: Celebration of freedom from slavery in Egypt; eating unleavened bread (matzah).
  • Shavuot: Festival celebrating the giving of the Torah.
  • Sukkot: Harvest festival, building a sukkah (small hut).
  • Hanukkah: Festival celebrating the rededication of the second temple.
  • Purim: Festival celebrating the story of Esther.

Christianity

  • Constantine: Roman emperor who legalized Christianity.
  • Pentecost: Important event in Christian history.
  • Holy Friday: Friday before Easter, representing Jesus' crucifixion.
  • Easter: Jesus' resurrection.
  • Protestant Reformation: Religious reform movement.
  • Council of Nicea: Early Christian council that defined doctrines.
  • Gregorian Calendar: Calendar used by Catholics.
  • Julian Calendar: Calendar utilized by Orthodox Christians.
  • Filioque Clause: Dispute over a clause added to the Nicene Creed.
  • Great Schism: Split in the Christian Church.
  • Pope: Leader of the Catholic Church.

Other Concepts

  • Code: Moral conduct to follow (e.g. Ten Commandments).
  • Community: Religious group, gathered for worship.
  • Religious Sects: Breakaway group from a main religion.
  • Indigenous: Group belonging to a region, Indigenous peoples giving homage to territories.
  • First Nations: Largest Indigenous group in Canada, recognizing 618 First Nations.
  • Metis: Group that emerged through intermarriage of First Nations and European Settlers.
  • Inuit: Indigenous people found in Greenland, Alaska, and Russia.
  • Shabbat: Rest period observed in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset).
  • Jewish Milestones: Major events in Jewish life (birth, bar/bat mitzvah, marriage, death).
  • Star of David: Symbolic Jewish star.
  • Chai: Meaning “life” in Hebrew (number 18).
  • Hamsa: Hand symbol for good luck and protection.
  • Ablution Cup: Used in rituals for washing hands.
  • Shabbat Candlesticks: For lighting candles on Friday evening for Shabbat.
  • Dreidel: Spinning top associated with Hanukkah.
  • Havdalah Candle and Holder: Ceremony marking the end of Shabbat.
  • Kiddush Cup and Tray: For blessing wine before meals.
  • Kippah: Head covering, a sign of respect to God.
  • Menorah: Seven-branched lampstand, significant in Judaism and religious practices.
  • Mezuzah: Small box containing religious texts attached to doorposts.
  • Prayer Book: Book containing Jewish prayers.
  • Seder Tray: Special plate for Passover Seder meals.
  • Passover Seder: Celebration of Passover.
  • Spice Box: Box of spices used in ceremonies.
  • Shofar: Ram’s horn trumpet used in Jewish ceremonies.
  • Tallit: Shawl with fringes worn during prayers.
  • Tallit Katan: Small fringed garment.
  • Tanakh: Set of Jewish scriptures.
  • Torah Replica: Traditional scroll replica.
  • Christian Crusades: A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims.
  • Crusades duration:From 1096-1271 in 8 military campaigns.
  • Jerusalem Conflict: Christians battle Muslims for control of Jerusalem.

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Explore fundamental concepts of religion including monotheism, polytheism, and various belief systems. This quiz also covers key elements of Judaism such as the covenant, Abraham, and the Shema. Test your understanding of these essential ideas and how they shape diverse religious practices.

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