Untitled Quiz
33 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of animism?

  • Belief in multiple deities, each with specific domains or responsibilities.
  • The practice of offering sacrifices to appease ancestors or gods.
  • Belief in a single, all-powerful deity.
  • Belief that spirits reside in natural objects and phenomena. (correct)

What is the primary function of a shaman in a religious context?

  • To interpret religious texts and dictate the dogma of their faith.
  • To perform ritualistic sacrifices, fulfilling obligations of the cult.
  • To act as a spiritual healer and intermediary, communicating with spirits. (correct)
  • To construct grand places of worship and guide collective ceremonies.

Which of the following best defines the concept of 'taboo'?

  • A religious text that is considered sacred and teaches moral lessons.
  • A customary practice or ceremony that celebrates the harvest.
  • A system for managing conflicts within a religious group.
  • An action or word restricted by social and religious customs. (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of totemic belief systems?

<p>A belief in a connection between humans and a natural entity, like an animal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a cult?

<p>Open public discussion of their beliefs and practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dogma within the context of religious or group practices?

<p>A system of beliefs that must be accepted unconditionally by members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle behind naturism as described in the content?

<p>The belief in living in harmony with nature and respecting the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an agnostic viewpoint?

<p>The stance that the existence or non-existence of God may be unknown. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the laity within the Church?

<p>To be non-ordained members who participate in the Church's mission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Synoptic Gospel Hypothesis?

<p>It suggests that Matthew, Mark and Luke are based upon a common source. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these festivals is observed as a period of preparation for Christmas?

<p>Advent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches?

<p>Penance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ka'ba in Islam?

<p>It is a central place of worship which Muslims face during prayer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were early Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire?

<p>Because they refused to worship Roman gods and the emperor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a fundamental difference between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam?

<p>The Sunni believe the leader should be chosen by the community, while the Shia believe the leader should be a descendant of Muhammad. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Wudu' refer to in Islam?

<p>The ritual washing before prayer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol is associated with Jesus' crucifixion and the concept of salvation?

<p>The Cross (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the understanding most Protestant faiths have on sacraments?

<p>They recognize only two sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist (Communion). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of Brahman in Hinduism?

<p>The ultimate reality or universal soul. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Trimurti in Hinduism is comprised of which three deities?

<p>Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the term 'Shruti' in Hinduism?

<p>Texts that are revealed or heard. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did Mahatma Gandhi use to refer to the untouchables, and what does it mean?

<p>Harijans, which means 'Children of God'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of Nirvana?

<p>Liberation from the cycle of reincarnation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of yoga discussed?

<p>Tantra Yoga. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Hindu deity is known as the remover of obstacles and god of wisdom?

<p>Ganesha. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the meaning of 'ahimsa'?

<p>Non-violence toward all living things. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ganges River to Hindu people?

<p>It is considered sacred and is used for spiritual cleansing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Buddhist concept of 'Anatta'?

<p>The doctrine of no soul or permanent self. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Theravada Buddhism, what is an 'arhat'?

<p>A person who has achieved enlightenment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a 'Koan' in Buddhism?

<p>To challenge logical thinking and promote insight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of the Great Schism in 1054?

<p>Disagreements over the papacy and practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'infallibility' refer to in the context of the Catholic Church?

<p>The belief that the Pope is free from error when teaching on faith and morals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main point of protest during the Protestant Reformation?

<p>Martin Luther's disagreements about indulgences and corruption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Animism

The belief that every natural thing in the universe has a soul. This includes plants, animals, rocks, and even weather phenomena.

Shamanism

A system of religious practice that involves spiritual healers or shamans who communicate with spirits. Shamans often use rituals, drumming, or trance states to connect with the spirit world.

Polytheism

A belief system based on the existence of multiple gods or deities. Each deity may have specific powers, roles, or domains.

Monotheism

A belief system based on the existence of a single, supreme deity. This deity is often seen as the creator and ruler of the universe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Taboo

A social or religious custom that forbids discussion of a particular practice or association with a specific person, place, or thing. Taboos are often based on beliefs about what is sacred, dangerous, or unclean.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dogma

Official beliefs or doctrines that must be accepted by members of a religion or group without question. Dogma often defines core principles and teachings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Naturism

The belief in living in harmony with nature. Naturism often involves a lifestyle that emphasizes environmental respect and simple living.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Morality

Principles of values that guide individuals to determine what is right or wrong. Morality often involves personal beliefs and societal norms about ethics and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Brahman?

The ultimate reality or universal soul in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Trimurti?

The three main gods representing creation, preservation, and destruction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is Brahma?

The creator god in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is Vishnu?

The preserver god in Hinduism, often depicted with a blue skin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is Shiva?

The destroyer or transformer god in Hinduism, symbolizing change and renewal. He is often depicted with a third eye and a snake around his neck.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Shruti?

Texts heard or revealed in Hinduism, considered sacred and authoritative.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Smriti?

Texts remembered or passed down in Hinduism, based on tradition and interpretations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the Upanishads?

Philosophical texts explaining Hindu beliefs, focusing on the soul and Brahman.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who are the Untouchables?

The lowest caste in Hinduism, often facing discrimination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Nirvana?

Liberation from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is Ganesha?

The elephant-headed god of wisdom and remover of obstacles in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Who is Durga?

A goddess representing strength and protection in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Diwali?

The Festival of Lights, celebrating the victory of good over evil, in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Holi?

A festival of colors, celebrating love and the arrival of spring in Hinduism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Ahimsa?

Non-violence toward all living things in Hinduism. It involves avoiding harm and maintaining compassion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hierarchy

The leadership structure of the Catholic Church, with the Pope at the top, followed by bishops and priests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clergy

Ordained members of the Catholic Church, like priests and deacons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Laity

Non-ordained members of the Catholic Church.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Advent

A period of preparation for Christmas, focused on prayer and reflection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Easter

The celebration of Jesus' resurrection, a central event in Christian faith.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Jesus as the Son of God

A central belief that Jesus is the Son of God, offering salvation and eternal life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shahada

The act of declaring faith in God and accepting Jesus as the Son of God.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Qur'an

The holy book of Islam, believed to contain the word of God revealed to Muhammad

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mosque

A place of worship for Muslims.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wudu

The ritual washing performed before prayer in Islam.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Unit 1: The Nature of Religion

  • Church: A building for public worship, primarily Christian.
  • Prehistoric Religion Characteristics:
    • Animism: Belief in spirits in objects/animals/nature.
    • Polytheism: Belief in many gods.
    • Rituals: Ceremonies honoring gods/spirits/ancestors.
    • Sacrifice: Offerings to gods/spirits.
    • Totemism: Mystical connection to animals/natural elements.
    • Shamanism: Belief in spiritual healers.
    • Burial Practices: Rites for the dead, honoring ancestors.
  • Monotheism: Belief in one god.
  • Polytheism: Belief in multiple gods.
  • Agnostic: Belief that God's existence is unknown.
  • Morality: Principles guiding right and wrong.
  • Taboo: Social/religious prohibition, forbidding some practices or relationships.
  • Totemism: Belief of kinship with spirit-beings (e.g. animal/plant).
  • Cult Characteristics:
    • Strong leadership (charismatic).
    • Exclusive beliefs (unique truths).
    • Isolation (from outside world).
    • Devotion (high commitment/sacrifice).
    • Manipulation (emotional/psychological).
    • Control (of behavior/thoughts).
    • Secretive practices.
  • Shamanism: A religious practice system.
  • Animism: Doctrine that every natural thing has a soul.
  • Cult Attracts: Vulnerable people.
  • Dogma: Official beliefs.
  • Naturism: Belief in harmony with nature; respect & simple living.
  • Cult Recruitment: Pretending to be legitimate organization, using social media, discussions, groups, or events.

Unit 2: Hinduism

  • Brahman: Ultimate reality (universal soul).
  • Trimurti: Three main gods (creation, preservation, destruction).
    • Brahma: The creator.
    • Vishnu: The preserver.
    • Shiva: The destroyer/transformer.
  • Shruti: Revealed texts (Vedas).
  • Smriti: Remembered texts (epics).
  • Upanishads: Philosophical texts on soul and Brahman.
  • Untouchables: Lowest caste, facing discrimination; called Harijans by Gandhi – meaning "children of God."
  • Nirvana: Liberation from reincarnation.
  • Yoga Types:
    • Bhakti Yoga: Devotion and love for a deity.
    • Karma Yoga: Selfless action.
    • Jnana Yoga: Knowledge and wisdom.
    • Raja Yoga: Meditation and mental discipline.
  • Ganesha: Elephant-headed god of wisdom and obstacles.
  • Durga: Goddess of strength and protection.
  • Diwali: Festival of lights (victory over evil).
  • Holi: Festival of colors (love and spring).
  • Ahimsa: Non-violence to all living things.
  • Asceticism: Self-denial to achieve spiritual goals.
  • Aum (Om): Sound of universe (creation).
  • Swastika: Symbol of good fortune and well-being.
  • Tilak/Bindi: Religious mark (men), decorative mark (women).
  • Vedas: Ancient sacred texts.
  • Sanskrit: Language of Vedas.
  • Ramayana/Bhagavad-Gita: Important epics teaching duty and spiritual values.
  • Mahabharata: Epic focusing on dharma and moral dilemmas.
  • Ganges River: Sacred; symbolizes purification and life.

Unit 3: Buddhism

  • Buddhism Emergence: Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) in India seeking to end suffering.
  • Buddhist Schools:
    • Theravada: Individual enlightenment.
    • Mahayana: Helping others achieve enlightenment.
    • Vajrayana: Combines rituals and meditation.
  • Tripitaka: Three baskets of Buddhist teachings (Vinaya-rules).
  • Sutras: Buddha's teachings and discourses.
  • Anatta: No permanent self.
  • Arhat: Achieved enlightenment (Theravada).
  • Bodhisattva: Delays enlightenment for others.
  • Koan: Riddle/paradox in meditation.
  • Dalai Lama: Spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism.
  • Lotus Flower: Symbol of purity and enlightenment, rising above challenges.

Unit 4: Judaism

  • Hanukkah: Festival of Lights, commemorating the rededication of the Second Temple.
  • Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year, emphasizing reflection.
  • Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement, focusing on fasting and repentance.
  • Torah: Sacred text of Judaism, written in Hebrew.
  • Judaism Branches:
    • Orthodox: Strict adherence to tradition.
    • Conservative: Balance of tradition and modernity.
    • Reform: Modern emphasis on personal interpretation.
  • Yarmulke: Skullcap worn by Jewish men.
  • Kosher: Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws.

Unit 5: Christianity

  • Creed: Statement of beliefs (Apostles', Nicene).
  • Great Schism (1054): Split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
  • Infallibility: Belief that the Pope is without error on faith/morals
  • Protestant Reformation (1517): Martin Luther's protest against corruption in the Catholic Church.
  • Vatican Council II (1962-1965): Modernized the Catholic Church (e.g., Mass in local languages).
  • Hierarchy/Clergy/Laity:
    • Hierarchy: Church leadership structure (Pope, bishops).
    • Clergy: Ordained members (priests).
    • Laity: Non-ordained members.
  • Christian Festivals: Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Pentecost, Lent, Holy Triduum, Easter.
  • Christian Beliefs: Belief in God, Jesus as Son of God, salvation, eternal life.
  • Christian Founder: Jesus Christ.
  • Christian Knowledge: Bible (New Testament), Church teachings.
  • Catholic/Orthodox Sacraments: Seven sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Marriage, Holy Orders, Anointing of the Sick).
  • Protestant Sacraments: Two sacraments (Baptism, Eucharist).
  • Women Ministers: Possible in denominations like Anglican, Lutheran, United.
  • Priest Marriage: Allowed in many Protestant traditions.
  • Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John (Mark first).
  • Synoptic Gospel Hypothesis: Matthew, Mark, and Luke share common sources.
  • Roman Persecution: Early Christians persecuted. -Symbols: Chi Rho (Christ), Cross (crucifixion), Fish (early Christians).
  • Papal Succession: First Pope was Peter, current Pope is Francis; election process is conclave (cardinals).
  • Church/Doctrine: Community of believers/official teachings.

Unit 6: Islam

  • Allah: Arabic word for God.
  • Muslim: Follower of Islam, submitting to Allah.
  • Mecca: Holiest city in Islam (Saudi Arabia).
  • Ka'ba: Sacred structure in Mecca, built by Abraham/Ishmael.
  • Quran (Koran): Islamic holy book; revelations to Muhammad.
  • Mosque: Place of Islamic worship; Minaret for call to prayer; Muezzin proclaims call; Imam leads prayers.
  • Islam Sects:
    • Sunni: Leader chosen by community.
    • Shia: Leader is a descendant of Muhammad.
  • Muhammad: Founder of Islam; last prophet; spread Islam, united Arabia.
  • Five Pillars:
    • Shahada: Declaration of faith.
    • Salat: Daily prayers (five times).
    • Zakat: Charity to poor.
    • Sawm: Fasting during Ramadan.
    • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca.
  • Ramadan: Month of fasting, prayer, and reflection.
  • Islam Comparisons to other faiths: Monotheistic, prophets, scriptures, and morality.
  • Wudhu: Ritual washing before prayer.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser