Religion and the Internet
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Questions and Answers

According to Lyon, what is the flaw in the secularisation theory?

assuming that religion is declining

What is a key feature of New Age beliefs and practices?

individualism

What is the result of the growth of unconventional beliefs and practices, according to Lyon?

a period of re-enchantment

What term does Hervieu-Leger use to describe individuals who pick and mix elements of different faiths?

<p>spiritual shoppers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the loss of faith in meta-narratives, according to the text?

<p>traditional religions lose authority and decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary argument made by some sociologists regarding the shift in society's religious landscape?

<p>A spiritual revolution is taking place, where Christianity is giving way to 'holistic spirituality'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Heelas and Woodhead's (2005) study find regarding the attendance of church and holistic milieu in 2000?

<p>7.9% of the population attended church, and 1.6% took part in holistic milieu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the explanations for the decline of congregational domain attendance, according to Heelas and Woodhead's study?

<p>The massive subjective turn of the new age, which led to a shift away from obligation to religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a weakness of the New Age movement, according to the text?

<p>The problem with scale, as even if newer forms of individualized religion were increasing, it would still have to fill the large gaps left by the decline of traditional religions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the growing market for spiritual goods and services?

<p>The spiritual market</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parents in the socialisation of the next generation, according to the text, in the context of the New Age?

<p>Parents are not socialising their children into the ways of the New Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metaphor does Davie use to describe vicarious religion?

<p>an iceberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criticism that Stark and Bainbridge have of the secularisation theory?

<p>They argue that there has never been a 'golden age' of religion and that the theory is Eurocentric.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Stark and Bainbridge assume about human nature and religion in their religious market theory?

<p>They assume that people are naturally religious and that religion meets human needs, and that people seek rewards and avoid costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term does Hervieu-Leger use to describe the decline of religious obligation?

<p>cultural amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept do Stark and Bainbridge use to describe the supernatural rewards that religion provides?

<p>Religious compensators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does Bruce question in terms of religious belief?

<p>believing without belonging</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the modern trend of creating personalized beliefs?

<p>spiritual shopping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cycle of renewal proposed by Stark and Bainbridge to describe the growth and decline of religions?

<p>Some religions grow while others decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social trend does Hervieu-Leger suggest has contributed to the decline of traditional religious authority?

<p>the trend towards equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of Stark and Bainbridge's theory regarding the demand for religion?

<p>The demand for religion is greatly influenced by the quality and variety of religion on offer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of commercial funding on religious participation, according to Hadden and Shupe's argument?

<p>Commercial funding opens up competition and responds to consumer demand, leading to an increase in religious participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Bruce's critique of Stark and Bainbridge's theory regarding the relationship between diversity and religion?

<p>Bruce argues that diversity and competition do not increase the demand for religion, but rather accompany the decline of religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor influencing the growth of Asian faiths in America, according to Finke's argument?

<p>The lifting of Asian immigration laws, which allowed Asian faiths to become another option in the religious marketplace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Beckford's criticism of the religious market theory?

<p>The theory is unsociological because it assumes that people are naturally religious, but does not explain how.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage in the sectarian cycle, according to Wilson?

<p>Further schism, resulting in less privileged members breaking away to found a new sect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do 'Conversionist' sects differ from 'Adventist' sects?

<p>Conversionist sects aim to convert large numbers of people, while Adventist sects believe they must hold themselves separate from the corrupt world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two common themes that characterise the New Age, according to Heelas?

<p>Self-spirituality and detraditionalisation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Wilson believe that globalisation will affect sects?

<p>Globalisation will make it more difficult for sects to survive, but will make recruitment easier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the New Age's eclectic nature, according to the text?

<p>It reflects a diversity of beliefs and activities, including belief in UFOs and tarot cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of religious monopoly affect the demand for religions, according to Stark and Bainbridge?

<p>It leads to a decline in demand as people have no choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences religious participation, according to Stark and Bainbridge's theory?

<p>Supply of religious groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Stark and Bainbridge believe that religion thrives in the US?

<p>Because there is no monopoly of truth, leading to a variety of competition and a healthy religious market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a lack of choice in religious options, according to Stark and Bainbridge?

<p>A decline in religious participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the European religious landscape differ from the American one, according to Stark and Bainbridge?

<p>Most European countries have an official state church, leading to a religious monopoly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having an ample supply of religious groups, according to Stark and Bainbridge's theory?

<p>An increase in religious participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the religious market in the US, according to Stark and Bainbridge?

<p>A healthy religious market with a variety of competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Stark and Bainbridge argue that the supply of religious groups is more important than demand in influencing religious participation?

<p>Because an ample supply of religious groups increases religious participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the religious landscape in the US suggest about the relationship between religious competition and religious participation?

<p>That religious competition increases religious participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of having a monopoly of truth in a religious market, according to Stark and Bainbridge's theory?

<p>A decline in religious participation due to a lack of choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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