Relativity and Electromagnetism

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of physics?

Special relativity describes gravity as a force between objects with mass.

According to special relativity, what happens to time for objects in motion relative to a stationary observer?

The principle that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion is a key postulate of ______ relativity.

Match the following concepts with their corresponding theory:

Which of the following phenomena is NOT predicted by general relativity?

Magnetic fields are produced only by stationary electric charges.

What are the four equations that describe electromagnetism collectively known as?

[Blank] waves are disturbances in the electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space at the speed of light.

Match the type of electromagnetic wave with its typical application:

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between electric and magnetic fields?

Classical mechanics is applicable for objects moving at speeds close to that of light.

State Newton's second law of motion in equation form.

For every action, there is an equal and ______ reaction. This is Newton's ______ law of motion.

Match the following concepts with their definition in classical mechanics:

Which of the following is NOT a conserved quantity in closed systems, according to classical mechanics?

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

What is entropy a measure of?

As the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a ______ or zero value. This is the ______ law of thermodynamics.

Match the following laws of thermodynamics with their definition:

Which of the following processes does NOT involve principles of thermodynamics?

Quantum mechanics dictates that energy can take on any continuous value, similar to classical mechanics.

What term describes the property that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior?

The ______ uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy.

Match the following concepts with their corresponding area of application in quantum mechanics:

According to quantum mechanics, what describes the state of a system, providing the probability of finding a particle in a particular location?

Imagine a spaceship traveling at 99.99% the speed of light. According to special relativity, which of the following would an observer on Earth notice about time on the spaceship?

According to general relativity, gravity is a force that acts instantaneously across any distance.

If a constant force is applied to an object in a vacuum, what will happen to its velocity according to classical mechanics?

According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of the universe tends to ______.

Match the following scenarios with the primary physics theory that applies.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship between special and general relativity?

Maxwell's equations are consistent with Newtonian mechanics, requiring no modification of classical concepts.

A spacecraft emits a photon in its direction of motion. What is the speed of the photon relative to the spacecraft, according to special relativity?

The phenomenon of ______ occurs when light passes close to a massive object, such as a black hole, due to the curvature of spacetime.

Match the following concepts with their mathematical representation:

If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement embodies which law of thermodynamics?

Classical mechanics accurately predicts the perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit.

What is the name given to the theoretical particles that mediate the electromagnetic force?

In quantum mechanics, the probability of finding a particle at a specific point in space is proportional to the ______ of the wave function at that point.

Consider an electron confined to an infinitely deep potential well of width $L$. Match the energy levels with their corresponding quantum number $n$:

Insanely Difficult: A photon is emitted from the surface of a star with mass $M$ and radius $R$. What is the frequency shift ($\Delta f / f$) observed by a distant observer, assuming $GM/Rc^2 << 1$?

Insanely Difficult: A particle of mass m is in a 1-dimensional potential $V(x) = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$. What is the expected energy of the particle in its ground state, according to quantum mechanics?