Relative Permeability in Denormalization Calculations Quiz

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Which of the following is true about the irreducible water saturation (Swir)?

It refers to the saturation of the water at a specific point.

Which process involves displacement of the wetting phase by the non-wetting phase?

Drainage process

Which of the following is a characteristic of oil-wet systems?

The relative permeability to water at maximum water saturation is greater than 0.5.

Which correlation uses the effective phase saturation as the correlating parameter?

<p>Wyllie and Gardner Correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to measure relative permeabilities in the lab?

<p>Steady State Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rock wettability on relative permeabilities?

<p>It decreases relative permeabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which correlations can be used to estimate relative permeabilities?

<p>Stone, Corey, and NPC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the accurate definition of relative permeability?

<p>The ratio of the effective permeability of a fluid phase to the absolute permeability of the rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to determine fluid saturations in porous rock?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating water saturation in a porous media?

<p>$S_w = rac{V_w}{V_p}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the centrifugal method in determining fluid saturations?

<p>To measure the quantity of water in the core sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the fluid saturations of cores taken from the field?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Darcy's Law, if two or more fluids flow through a porous media, each fluid will flow according to which equation?

<p>$qw = \frac{{kw \cdot A \cdot \Delta p}},{{\mu \cdot \Delta L}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the relative permeability ($kr$) represent?

<p>The ratio of the effective permeability to a base permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the wetting phase relative permeability curve show?

<p>A small saturation of the non-wetting phase drastically reduces the relative permeability of the wetting phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the non-wetting phase relative permeability curve show?

<p>The non-wetting phase begins to flow at relatively low saturation of the non-wetting phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the water trapped in the pores of a rock during its formation?

<p>Connate water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for initial oil in-place (N)?

<p>N = 7758 * A * h * ϕ * (1 - Swi) / Boi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Swi represent in the equation for initial oil in-place?

<p>Water saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for irreducible water saturation (Swir)?

<p>Swir = 7758 * A * h * ϕ * (1 - Swi) / Boi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Swir represent in the equation for irreducible water saturation?

<p>Irreducible water saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for irreducible water saturation (Swir) in water-wet rock?

<p>Swir = the layer of adsorbed water coating solid surfaces and the pendular grain contacts and at pore throaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the equation for gas-oil relative permeability using Corey's approximation?

<p>$k = (1− S_{ro}) * 4 g$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of normalizing and de-normalizing relative permeability data?

<p>To remove the effect of different initial water and critical oil saturations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the normalized water saturation, S*w?

<p>$S*w = \frac{S - S_{wc}}{1 - S_{wc}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for normalizing the relative permeability of the water phase?

<p>$(krw)<em>{Soc} = \frac{kro - (krw)</em>{Soc}}{1 - (krw)_{Soc}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the initial oil in-place (N)?

<p>$N = 7758 * A * h * \phi * (1 - Swi) / Boi$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the water saturation (Sw) in a porous media?

<p>$Sw = 1 - (N * Boi) / (7758 * A * h * \phi)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of connate water?

<p>Water trapped in the pores of a rock during its formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of interstitial water?

<p>Water that occurs naturally within the pores of rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for irreducible water saturation (Swir)?

<p>The fraction of pore volume occupied by water in a reservoir at maximum hydrocarbon saturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of irreducible water saturation (Swir)?

<p>The minimum saturation of water attainable when it is displaced from a porous medium by another immiscible fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the normalized water saturation ($S*w$)?

<p>$S*w = (Sw - Swir) / (1 - Swir - Swc)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the centrifugal method in determining fluid saturations?

<p>To displace the water with oil or gas in a water-saturated sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the fluid saturations of cores taken from the field?

<p>Drilling fluids and seawater introduced during drilling or other interferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the water entraped in the intertices of the rock at the time of deposition?

<p>Connate water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the initial oil in-place, N?

<p>$N = 7758 * A * h * \phi * (1 - Swi) / Boi$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the water saturation, Sw?

<p>$Sw = (1 - Swi) * (1 - Swir)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the irreducible water saturation, Swir?

<p>$Swir = (1 - Swc) * (1 - Swi)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is connate water?

<p>Connate water is the water trapped in the pores of a rock during its formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interstitial water?

<p>Interstitial water is water that occurs naturally within the pores of rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the normalized water saturation, S*w?

<p>$S*w = Sw / (1 - Swir)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the normalized oil saturation, S*o?

<p>$S*o = (1 - Sw) / (1 - Swir)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of normalizing fluid saturations?

<p>Normalizing fluid saturations allows for comparisons between different reservoirs or rock samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest water saturation that can be achieved in a core plug by displacing the water with oil or gas?

<p>The lowest water saturation that can be achieved in a core plug is the irreducible water saturation, Swir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the centrifuge method in determining fluid saturations?

<p>The centrifuge method is used to displace water with oil or gas in order to achieve the irreducible water saturation, Swir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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