Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characteristic is emphasized as crucial for relationship partners to sustain instrumentality over time?
What characteristic is emphasized as crucial for relationship partners to sustain instrumentality over time?
- Long-term commitment
- Financial stability
- Responsiveness and motivation to support (correct)
- Knowledge of specific skills
How can a non-expert partner assist in achieving a goal like running a marathon?
How can a non-expert partner assist in achieving a goal like running a marathon?
- By offering advanced training tips
- By creating a strict training schedule
- By providing logistical support like childcare (correct)
- By running at a competitive pace
What is a potential negative effect of a partner being perceived as a means to multiple goals?
What is a potential negative effect of a partner being perceived as a means to multiple goals?
- Improvement in communication skills
- Increase in partner dependency
- Reduction in relationship closeness
- Decreased perceived instrumentality for specific goals (correct)
What is one way a partner could support someone training for a marathon?
What is one way a partner could support someone training for a marathon?
Which of the following characteristics may NOT be sufficient for a partner to be instrumental in achieving a goal?
Which of the following characteristics may NOT be sufficient for a partner to be instrumental in achieving a goal?
What does the 'dilution principle' suggest regarding a partner serving multiple functions?
What does the 'dilution principle' suggest regarding a partner serving multiple functions?
Which of the following does NOT describe a non-expert partner's potential contributions?
Which of the following does NOT describe a non-expert partner's potential contributions?
What overall effect might a multi-functional partner have on a romantic relationship?
What overall effect might a multi-functional partner have on a romantic relationship?
What factor increases the likelihood of relationship dissolution according to the content?
What factor increases the likelihood of relationship dissolution according to the content?
How does losing a partner affect a person's goal pursuit?
How does losing a partner affect a person's goal pursuit?
What is suggested about individuals who were highly dependent on their spouse when faced with loss?
What is suggested about individuals who were highly dependent on their spouse when faced with loss?
What do individuals typically have to decide after losing a partner who was instrumental to their goals?
What do individuals typically have to decide after losing a partner who was instrumental to their goals?
What role does a partner's perceived value play in infidelity according to the content?
What role does a partner's perceived value play in infidelity according to the content?
What happens when a partner serves more goals for an individual?
What happens when a partner serves more goals for an individual?
What tends to happen in the wake of losing a partner?
What tends to happen in the wake of losing a partner?
How do changing contexts like moving to a new city affect relationships?
How do changing contexts like moving to a new city affect relationships?
What could happen if a person perceives dilution in their partner's ability to fulfill a goal?
What could happen if a person perceives dilution in their partner's ability to fulfill a goal?
In what context is dilution less likely to occur?
In what context is dilution less likely to occur?
What might be a result of early impressions from online dating, according to the content?
What might be a result of early impressions from online dating, according to the content?
How does appreciation for instrumental partners change over time?
How does appreciation for instrumental partners change over time?
What challenge is presented in maintaining interpersonal closeness according to the content?
What challenge is presented in maintaining interpersonal closeness according to the content?
Which factors are mentioned as mitigating the dilution effect?
Which factors are mentioned as mitigating the dilution effect?
What does the research imply about partners in lasting relationships and the dilution effect?
What does the research imply about partners in lasting relationships and the dilution effect?
What is a potential implication for online dating websites based on the content?
What is a potential implication for online dating websites based on the content?
What does affection exchange theory primarily investigate?
What does affection exchange theory primarily investigate?
Which concept suggests that longer acquaintance leads to decreased bias in selecting partners based on attractiveness?
Which concept suggests that longer acquaintance leads to decreased bias in selecting partners based on attractiveness?
What is a potential outcome of providing support to a loved one, as discussed in the psychological research?
What is a potential outcome of providing support to a loved one, as discussed in the psychological research?
What mechanism does Johnson and Rusbult's study suggest helps maintain commitment in relationships?
What mechanism does Johnson and Rusbult's study suggest helps maintain commitment in relationships?
In the context of memory bias, what does the research by Karremans et al. find regarding individuals in romantic relationships?
In the context of memory bias, what does the research by Karremans et al. find regarding individuals in romantic relationships?
Kavanagh et al. describe a concept that acts like a double-edged sword in romantic relationships. What is this concept called?
Kavanagh et al. describe a concept that acts like a double-edged sword in romantic relationships. What is this concept called?
According to Inagaki and Orehek, what are some potential benefits of giving social support?
According to Inagaki and Orehek, what are some potential benefits of giving social support?
What does the multifinality constraints effect, described by Köpetz et al., indicate about goal multiplicity?
What does the multifinality constraints effect, described by Köpetz et al., indicate about goal multiplicity?
What is the focus of Shah, Friedman, and Kruglanski's 2002 study on goal shielding?
What is the focus of Shah, Friedman, and Kruglanski's 2002 study on goal shielding?
Which article discusses bottom-up priming of goals?
Which article discusses bottom-up priming of goals?
What phenomenon is explored in the study by Slotter, Gardner, and Finkel in 2010?
What phenomenon is explored in the study by Slotter, Gardner, and Finkel in 2010?
Which author examines the role of goal pursuit in friendship formation?
Which author examines the role of goal pursuit in friendship formation?
According to the research presented, what is likely a consequence of goal shielding?
According to the research presented, what is likely a consequence of goal shielding?
What aspect does the 2005 study by Sheeran et al. focus on specifically?
What aspect does the 2005 study by Sheeran et al. focus on specifically?
Which publication looks into spousal alternatives and their relationship with marital dissolution?
Which publication looks into spousal alternatives and their relationship with marital dissolution?
What theme is explored in the article by South and Lloyd (1995)?
What theme is explored in the article by South and Lloyd (1995)?
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Study Notes
Importance of Instrumental Relationship Partners
- Partners who can adapt to various goals are highly valuable due to their responsiveness and motivation to help.
- Possessing specific skills or expertise enhances instrumentality but is inadequate without the desire to support a partner's goals.
Examples of Instrumentality
- An expert marathoner can aid in training for a marathon, but a non-expert can support through childcare, laundry, or encouragement, proving that support comes in different forms.
Multifinality and Dilution of Perception
- A partner perceived as instrumental for one goal can lose visibility for that role if they become instrumental in multiple areas; this is known as dilution.
- For instance, a romantic partner can initially be seen as a fun date but may become diluted in that role as they also contribute to household, financial tasks, and parenting.
Impact of Online Dating on Perception
- Individuals meeting partners through online platforms may perceive dilution incorrectly, leading to overly pessimistic evaluations of a partner’s potential to serve multiple goals.
- Early encounters often yield different impressions than those formed over time, highlighting the importance of longer acquaintance.
Appreciation and Relationship Dynamics
- Recognition of an instrumental partner's contributions might diminish after the achievement of a goal, which poses challenges for maintaining long-term relational closeness.
- Individuals may seek alternatives if they feel a current partner no longer aligns with changing personal goals.
Relationship Loss and Its Effects
- Losing a partner equates to losing a means to achieve various goals, which can lead to heightened feelings of loss and anxiety, especially for those highly dependent on that partner.
- Individuals experience disruptions in goal progress after a breakup, prompting the need to find new partners or redefine goals.
Anxiety and Dependence
- Widowed individuals who were highly dependent on their spouses report more anxiety due to lost instrumentality.
- The shift in context and goals can lead to reconsiderations of partnerships, potentially leading to breakups or the formation of new goals altogether.
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