Reinforced Concrete Bridges and Urban Engineering

Reinforced Concrete Bridges

• The Cedar Avenue Bridge (Tenth Street) in Minneapolis, MN, is a reinforced concrete open spandrel arch bridge over the Mississippi River.

Architectural Engineering (Building Engineering)

• Applies engineering principles and technology to building design and construction.
• Collaborates with architects and other engineers in building design and construction.

Urban Engineering (Municipal Engineering)

• Focuses on urban/municipal infrastructure.
• Involves design, construction, and maintenance of streets, sidewalks, water supply, sewers, lighting, waste management, parks, and cycling infrastructure.
• Originated in 19th-century UK due to industrial growth and sanitation needs.
• Six ASCE (1987) divisions relate to urban engineering: aerospace, air transportation, highway, pipeline, waterway, port, coastal and ocean, and urban transportation.
• Planning involves urban planning, forecasting, and political factors.
• Utilizes transportation planning models (trip generation, distribution, mode choice, route assignment).
• Inventories population, land use, economic activity, transportation facilities, travel patterns, laws, resources, and community values for planning.

Transportation Engineering

• Plans, designs, constructs, and operates highways, roads, and related facilities.
• Secures funding and analyzes traffic volumes and collision locations for safety.
• Uses civil engineering principles to improve transportation systems.
• Uses driver, vehicle, and roadway design controls.
• planning aspects involves elements of urban planning, technical forecasting decisions and political factors

Environmental Engineering

• Applies scientific and engineering principles to protect human populations from environmental factors and improve environmental quality.
• Addresses energy preservation, production, and waste control.
• Involves wastewater management, air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, and environmental law.
• Can be a branch of civil or chemical engineering.
• Civil environmental engineers focus on hydrology, water resource management, bioremediation, and water treatment plant design.

Structural Engineering

• Focuses on the stability, strength, and rigidity of built structures (buildings and non-buildings).
• Designs structures, integrates designs with others, and supervises construction.
• May design machinery, medical equipment, vehicles, etc. where structural integrity matters.
• Employs applied physical laws and empirical knowledge of materials and geometries.
• Aims for efficient use of funds, elements, and materials.
• Originates from 2700 BCE.

Earthquake Engineering

• Designs and analyzes structures to withstand earthquakes.
• Seismic vibration control methods include dry-stone walls, lead rubber bearings, tuned mass dampers, building elevation control, simple roller bearings, and spring-with-damper base isolators.

Materials Engineering

• Focuses on material protection and prevention.
• Ensures materials meet DPWH standards for highways, bridges, and airports.
• Advises on material acceptance or rejection based on test results.
• Recommends remedial measures for unsatisfactory conditions.
• Checks and certifies design mixes for concrete and bituminous mixtures.
• Oversees sampling, testing, and control procedures.

Control Engineering

• Applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviors.
• Uses sensors to measure outputs and feedback to actuators for corrections.

Surveying

• Accurately determines terrestrial or 3D positions of points and distances and angles between them.
• Typically performed by trained surveyors.

Explore the principles of reinforced concrete bridges, focusing on notable structures like the Cedar Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis. Understand the role of architectural and urban engineering in the design and construction of infrastructure. Delve into the historical context and modern applications of these engineering fields.