Rehabilitation and Executive Clemency in Prisons

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Questions and Answers

Which type of pardon completely reinstates all rights unless specified otherwise?

Conditional Pardon

Absolute Pardon (correct)

Commutation of Sentence

Amnesty

What does amnesty do regarding legal remembrance of an offense?

It obliterates it completely. (correct)

It allows for a commuted sentence.

It only applies to violent crimes.

It partially restores it.

Which of the following describes a commutation of sentence?

An unconditional release from prison.

A reduction of legal penalties without nullifying a conviction. (correct)

The complete forgiveness of a criminal conviction.

A temporary delay in the execution of a sentence.

What is the main function of parole?

To support reintegration of prisoners under supervision. Signup and view all the answers

Which service is NOT typically considered part of prison rehabilitation programs?

Political Advocacy Signup and view all the answers

What is a reprieve primarily associated with?

Temporary delay in a sentence, especially the death penalty. Signup and view all the answers

How many kinds of pardon are described?

Two Signup and view all the answers

Which pillar is NOT included in the Five Pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System as mentioned?

Punishment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the prosecution within the criminal justice system?

To investigate and prosecute crimes. Signup and view all the answers

Which office is responsible for supervising the performance of provincial and city prosecutors?

The Regional Prosecutor's Office Signup and view all the answers

What role does the judiciary play in the criminal justice system?

To serve as the final arbiter of legal disputes. Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is primarily responsible for the execution of punishment for convicts?

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a candidate to pass the criminologist licensure examination?

A weighted average rating of 75% with no subject below 60%. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an examinee obtains a 75% average but has a grade below 60% in any subject?

They are deferred and must retake the subject. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following courts has specialized jurisdiction over cases involving government officials?

Sandiganbayan Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary requirement for a deferred examinee to retake a subject after failing?

A grade of at least 80% in that subject. Signup and view all the answers

How does the community contribute to the criminal justice system?

Through various institutions that play important roles. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence for an examinee who fails three or more subjects in the licensure examination?

They are deemed to have failed the examination. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rehabilitation Programs in Prison

Programs offered in prisons include employment, religious services, education, recreation, library services, food, health, and counseling.

Executive Clemency

Executive clemency is the power granted only to the Philippine president.
Four types of executive clemency:
- Pardon: Forgiveness of a crime and penalty.
  - Absolute Pardon: No conditions attached. Does not automatically restore rights like holding office or voting unless explicitly stated.
  - Conditional Pardon: Partial forgiveness with limitations or conditions. Must be accepted by the offender to take effect.
- Amnesty: Restores those guilty of offenses to innocent status. Eliminates all legal record of the offense.
- Reprieve: Temporary delay in the imposition/execution of a sentence, particularly the death penalty.
- Commutation of Sentence: Reduction of penalties, usually imprisonment. Unlike pardon, it does not nullify the conviction and is often conditional.

Parole

Parole is a process, not executive clemency.
It involves selecting prisoners for release based on their behavior and progress within the prison system.
It provides guidance and control as the prisoner serves the remainder of their sentence in the community.
Parole is implemented under the Indeterminate Sentence Law (ISLaw).

Philippine Criminal Justice System - Five Pillars

Law Enforcement: Frontline officers who deal directly with the public and criminals.
Prosecution:
- Primarily handled by the National Prosecution Service (NPS), part of the Department of Justice.
- NPS includes the Office of the Chief State Prosecutor, Regional State Prosecutor's Offices, and Provincial/City Prosecutor's Offices.
  - Chief State Prosecutor functions: investigates and prosecutes crimes, handles appeals, and investigates administrative charges against prosecutors.
  - Regional Prosecutor's Office: Supervises and coordinates Provincial/City Prosecutors.
  - Provincial/City Prosecutor's Office: Investigates and prosecutes violations of laws and ordinances within their area.
Judiciary (Courts): Final authority on disputes, including guilt/innocence.
- Composed of the Supreme Court (highest), Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan (specialized cases involving government officials), Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Courts, and Family Courts (specialized family matters).
Correctional Institutions: Agencies that execute punishments. These include the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Bureau of Corrections, and youth correctional institutions under the Department of Social Welfare and Development.
Community: Families, religious groups, education institutions, and other organizations that play a role in the justice system.

Criminologists Licensure Examination

Applicants must pass a licensure examination set by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
To pass, candidates need a weighted average of 75%, with no subject score below 60%.
If a candidate achieves 75% but has any subject below 60%, they can retake the failed subject(s) within two years. A score of 80% is required in the retake.
Failure to achieve the passing grade or retake within two years required the retaking of all subjects failing three or more subjects means failure in the entire examination.

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Description

This quiz covers rehabilitation programs in prisons, including education and counseling services. Additionally, it explores executive clemency in the Philippines, detailing types like pardons, amnesty, reprieves, and sentence commutations. Test your knowledge on these important topics.