Rehabilitation and Executive Clemency in Prisons

Various programs designed to improve prisoners' well-being and prepare them for release, including employment, education, religious services, recreation, and healthcare.

The President of the Philippines has the sole authority to grant clemency, which can include pardon, amnesty, reprieve, or commutation.

A pardon is a complete forgiveness of a crime, eliminating the punishment. It can be absolute (no conditions) or conditional, meaning the pardoned individual must meet certain requirements.

Amnesty is broader than pardon, completely erasing the memory of a crime and restoring the offender's rights to full innocence. It involves forgetting a crime.

Reprieve is a temporary delay in the execution of a sentence, especially used to postpone the death penalty. It is a pause in the punishment.

Commutation of sentence involves reducing the severity of punishment, especially in terms of imprisonment. It doesn't erase the conviction but softens the sentence.

Parole is a process where prisoners, based on good behavior and progress, are released early with supervision, allowing them to reintegrate into society while still serving their sentence.

The Philippine Criminal Justice System has five pillars: law enforcement, prosecution, courts, corrections, and the community. These pillars work together to ensure a fair and effective justice system.

The primary institutions involved in enforcing the law and administering justice within a society. They interact directly with citizens and deal with criminal elements.

The body responsible for investigating and prosecuting individuals suspected of crimes. This includes the National Prosecution Service, Regional Prosecutor's Offices, and Provincial/City Prosecutor's Offices.

The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law. This includes the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial Courts, Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Courts, Sandiganbayan, and Family courts.

A court specifically designed to handle cases involving government officials and potential corruption. It helps ensure accountability and transparency within the government.

Agencies responsible for the confinement and rehabilitation of convicted individuals. This includes the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Bureau of Correction, and institutions for youth offenders.

Various institutions within a community that play a crucial role in promoting law-abiding behavior and supporting justice. This includes families, religious organizations, educational institutions, and private organizations.

An exam required for individuals seeking to become licensed criminologists. Individuals must obtain a weighted average score of 75% with no grade below 60% in any subject.

The minimum requirement for passing the Criminologist Licensure Exam. Candidates must achieve a weighted average of 75% and no score below 60% in any subject.

Candidates who achieve a 75% average but score below 60% in one or more subjects need to retake those specific subjects within two years. They must achieve at least 80% on the retake to pass.

Candidates who fail to retake a subject within two years or fail to achieve the required score of 80% need to retake the entire examination. Failure in three or more subjects results in failing the entire board exam.