Questions and Answers
Which of the following antibiotics is effective against the cultured bacteria from the skin lesions?
The total protein level of 8.5 g/dL suggests dehydration in the turtle.
True
What are the two bacterial infections cultured from the turtle's skin lesions?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia
The packed cell volume indicates a value of __________, which is within the reference interval.
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Match the analyte with its corresponding value:
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What is one of the main components of fluid therapy for treating a sea turtle?
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Dry-docking a turtle is sometimes required based on its condition.
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What substance is used to cover lesions after debridement in turtle treatment?
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The turtle showed signs of ____________ which indicated a need for fluid therapy.
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What is a sign of secondary infection in the turtle?
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Match the treatment to its description:
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What type of food is recommended for enriching the diet of sea turtles?
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Using weights or external fixators on a turtle requires careless treatment.
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What type of infection is often secondary to cold-stunning in sea turtles?
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A turtle with a body condition score of 5 is considered to be in the best health condition.
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What does the presence of toxic heterophils in a turtle's complete blood count (CBC) indicate?
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Sea turtles with signs of septicemia may exhibit ______ in their blood analysis.
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Which pathophysiologic change is most consistent with systemic inflammation in sea turtles?
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Describe a common treatment approach for bacterial infections in sea turtles.
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Match the following conditions or treatments with their descriptions:
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The subadult green turtle presented by EcoDive has ulcerations caused by ______.
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Study Notes
Rehabilitation and Basic Treatments
- Prepare for extended rehabilitation processes to ensure patient recovery.
- Maintain adequate holding tank size with appropriate depth to mimic natural habitats.
- Ensure water is clean and temperature-controlled for optimal health.
- Implement proper lighting with both diurnal and nocturnal cycles to support natural behaviors.
- Provide varied diet and mental stimulation to promote health and wellbeing.
Enrichment/Stimulation
- Aim to replicate natural environmental behaviors for turtles in care.
- Include hiding spots to reduce stress and allow for natural behaviors.
- Use basking mats positioned in the water for comfort and fitting nutritional needs.
- Exercise caution when turtles are wearing weights or external fixators.
- Offer a naturalistic diet consisting of crustaceans, fish, squid, and lettuce.
Nutrition
- Encourage free-feeding to stimulate forage-like behavior.
- Utilize assisted feeding methods when necessary, including poles and forceps.
- Consider tube-feeding for specific scenarios; use blended fish or squid with vitamins.
- Monitor hydration status critically; perform radiographs to rule out blockages.
- Regularly check and document defecation patterns.
Dry-Docking
- Temporarily keep turtles out of water for treatment based on their condition.
- Mitigate pressure sores with thoughtful padding strategies.
- Maintain suitable temperatures and protect skin from drying with misting, Vaseline, or wet towels.
Fluid Therapy
- Administer Lactated Ringer’s solution combined with 0.9% NaCl for hydration.
- Follow maintenance guidelines of 20-30 ml/kg/day.
- Deliver fluids intravenously or subcutaneously based on the turtle's absorption needs.
Treatment Plan for Injuries and Infections
- Dry-dock the turtle for five days during treatment before reintroduction to water.
- Treat lesions through debridement, flushing with dilute iodine, and applying unpasteurized honey for five days.
- Administer 30 mg/kg ampicillin subcutaneously once daily, increasing frequency to twice daily if needed.
- Provide supportive fluid therapy of 200 mL LRS plus NaCl through intracoelomic route until health markers stabilize.
- Observe changes in turtle’s behavior, noting gradual improvement in activity levels.
Diagnostic Considerations for Release
- Conduct thorough checklists to evaluate recovery milestones before release.
- Perform diagnostics, including radiographs to identify any internal issues.
- Monitor for any signs of lingering infection or blockages; culture specimens to guide antibiotic treatment.
Biochemical Interpretation
- Observe significant biochemical abnormalities indicating stress-related hyperglycemia and moderate dehydration.
- Packed cell volume and total protein levels indicate health challenges and require ongoing monitoring as hydration resolves.
Pathophysiological Changes
- Turtles may exhibit signs of severe infections such as septicemia or soft tissue infections.
- Identify critical pathophysiologic changes such as hypoproteinemia, heterophilia, or toxic heterophils indicating systemic inflammation and possible septic processes.
Body Condition Scoring
- Use a scoring system from 1 to 5 to assess body condition; lower scores indicate severe health issues.
- Consider appearances such as dullness, lethargy, and presence of external physical trauma like stricture ulcerations.
Clinical Signs of Septicemia
- Look for signs of hyperemia, edema, and necrotic lesions to evaluate for septicemia or further systemic infection.
- Stress from injuries may reveal toxic heterophils in CBC results, indicating underlying health issues requiring urgent intervention.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of turtle rehabilitation and basic treatments, focusing on environmentally enriching setups for turtles. It highlights the importance of proper water conditions, nutrition, and stimulation to mimic natural behaviors. Test your knowledge on creating the best care environment for rehabilitating turtles.
