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Questions and Answers
What must be done before starting any work on a railway crossing?
What must be done before starting any work on a railway crossing?
How much advance notice must the owner give the Railway before starting construction?
How much advance notice must the owner give the Railway before starting construction?
What must the owner submit to the Railway prior to bringing the crossing into use?
What must the owner submit to the Railway prior to bringing the crossing into use?
In the case of modifications to clearances, what must be documented?
In the case of modifications to clearances, what must be documented?
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What must the owner use for construction of the crossing?
What must the owner use for construction of the crossing?
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What document must be executed after receiving approval for the crossing design?
What document must be executed after receiving approval for the crossing design?
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Who may inspect the crossing construction to ensure compliance with approved designs?
Who may inspect the crossing construction to ensure compliance with approved designs?
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Who retains ownership of the crossing and related materials?
Who retains ownership of the crossing and related materials?
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Who is responsible for damage caused by the use of the crossing?
Who is responsible for damage caused by the use of the crossing?
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What must the owner obtain before sub-letting or transferring the Agreement?
What must the owner obtain before sub-letting or transferring the Agreement?
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What authority resolves disputes regarding loss or damage as per the Agreement?
What authority resolves disputes regarding loss or damage as per the Agreement?
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What is the Railway's responsibility concerning damage to the owner's property due to accidents?
What is the Railway's responsibility concerning damage to the owner's property due to accidents?
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What is the maximum allowable distance from the center of the nearest railway track to the base of a terminal structure?
What is the maximum allowable distance from the center of the nearest railway track to the base of a terminal structure?
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What is the maximum span restriction for the crossing span of the structures?
What is the maximum span restriction for the crossing span of the structures?
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Which document prescribes the maximum wind pressure for structural design?
Which document prescribes the maximum wind pressure for structural design?
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Where should an overhead line crossing be located in relation to a traction mast?
Where should an overhead line crossing be located in relation to a traction mast?
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What should the factor of safety for all structures related to the crossing adhere to?
What should the factor of safety for all structures related to the crossing adhere to?
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What temperature considerations must be followed for the design of conductors?
What temperature considerations must be followed for the design of conductors?
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What is the minimum requirement for the earthing of structures on either side of the crossing span?
What is the minimum requirement for the earthing of structures on either side of the crossing span?
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In what scenario can a lesser distance than prescribed be allowed from the railway track?
In what scenario can a lesser distance than prescribed be allowed from the railway track?
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How should guard and stay wires be treated in relation to earthing?
How should guard and stay wires be treated in relation to earthing?
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What determines the provision for ice and snow loading?
What determines the provision for ice and snow loading?
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What action should be taken if the earth resistance is found to be higher than 10 ohms?
What action should be taken if the earth resistance is found to be higher than 10 ohms?
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What is the recommended practice for hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel?
What is the recommended practice for hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel?
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What is required for the cross-section of earth conductor/connections?
What is required for the cross-section of earth conductor/connections?
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What is the recommended approach for fire hazard management for structures supporting the crossing span?
What is the recommended approach for fire hazard management for structures supporting the crossing span?
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What is a critical factor when allowing overhead communication lines on power line crossings?
What is a critical factor when allowing overhead communication lines on power line crossings?
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What should be included in the inspection and testing of the earthing system?
What should be included in the inspection and testing of the earthing system?
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Which of the following factors should NOT affect the clearances above rail level for power line crossings?
Which of the following factors should NOT affect the clearances above rail level for power line crossings?
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What measures should be taken if the earth resistance is found to be too high?
What measures should be taken if the earth resistance is found to be too high?
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What is a permissible method for cable crossings?
What is a permissible method for cable crossings?
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What is the owner's responsibility regarding the costs of laying and maintaining the crossing?
What is the owner's responsibility regarding the costs of laying and maintaining the crossing?
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Under what circumstance does the Railway cover the costs of modifications to the crossing?
Under what circumstance does the Railway cover the costs of modifications to the crossing?
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What should be done if the Railway needs to protect its tracks during crossing work?
What should be done if the Railway needs to protect its tracks during crossing work?
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What must the owner do if asked to deposit funds for the work required by the Railway?
What must the owner do if asked to deposit funds for the work required by the Railway?
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How should the cable be laid according to the regulations?
How should the cable be laid according to the regulations?
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What happens if the owner does not satisfactorily execute the crossing work?
What happens if the owner does not satisfactorily execute the crossing work?
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What kind of work does the Railway oversee during the crossing's construction?
What kind of work does the Railway oversee during the crossing's construction?
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If the Railway determines work is required during the crossing's execution, what must the owner do?
If the Railway determines work is required during the crossing's execution, what must the owner do?
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What condition must be fulfilled before the owner agrees to cover the costs of Railway modifications?
What condition must be fulfilled before the owner agrees to cover the costs of Railway modifications?
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What is the minimum vertical clearance required between the highest traction conductor and the lowest crossing conductor if reduced clearance is permitted?
What is the minimum vertical clearance required between the highest traction conductor and the lowest crossing conductor if reduced clearance is permitted?
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What is the minimum vertical clearance required between conductors of different voltage crossings according to the specified rules?
What is the minimum vertical clearance required between conductors of different voltage crossings according to the specified rules?
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Which voltage threshold eliminates the need for separate guarding above the lower power line crossing?
Which voltage threshold eliminates the need for separate guarding above the lower power line crossing?
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What documentation is referred to for the minimum clearance between a power line and a communication line?
What documentation is referred to for the minimum clearance between a power line and a communication line?
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What is the minimum clearance required between guard wires and the lower power line when guarding is provided?
What is the minimum clearance required between guard wires and the lower power line when guarding is provided?
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Under what conditions can the Electrical Inspector permit a reduction in the specified clearances?
Under what conditions can the Electrical Inspector permit a reduction in the specified clearances?
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According to the specified rules, what must be maintained between crossing conductors and railway structures?
According to the specified rules, what must be maintained between crossing conductors and railway structures?
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What is the minimum notice period the Railway must give the owner to terminate the Agreement?
What is the minimum notice period the Railway must give the owner to terminate the Agreement?
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Under what condition can the owner re-erect the crossing at another location?
Under what condition can the owner re-erect the crossing at another location?
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What authority is responsible for taking actions on behalf of the President of India as stated in the Agreement?
What authority is responsible for taking actions on behalf of the President of India as stated in the Agreement?
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What happens to the owner's expenses incurred during the execution of work if the Railway decides to terminate the Agreement?
What happens to the owner's expenses incurred during the execution of work if the Railway decides to terminate the Agreement?
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What is required for the owner to properly serve notice of termination of the Agreement?
What is required for the owner to properly serve notice of termination of the Agreement?
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What is the minimum height above rail level for conductors in crossings mapped as 11 kV or lower?
What is the minimum height above rail level for conductors in crossings mapped as 11 kV or lower?
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What is the minimum clearance maintained between the guard wire and the highest traction conductor when a crossing is provided with guarding?
What is the minimum clearance maintained between the guard wire and the highest traction conductor when a crossing is provided with guarding?
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What factor of safety is required for each string of strain insulators under the worst conditions?
What factor of safety is required for each string of strain insulators under the worst conditions?
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What is the minimum clearance for a crossing involving 400 kV lines?
What is the minimum clearance for a crossing involving 400 kV lines?
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In the case of using a double set of strain insulator strings, what additional component is often necessary?
In the case of using a double set of strain insulator strings, what additional component is often necessary?
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Which voltage level requires a minimum clearance of 5.05 meters?
Which voltage level requires a minimum clearance of 5.05 meters?
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What is the minimum clearance above rail level for a crossing involving conductors above 220 kV?
What is the minimum clearance above rail level for a crossing involving conductors above 220 kV?
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What should be included in the Compliance Certificate related to a crossing conversion from overhead to underground?
What should be included in the Compliance Certificate related to a crossing conversion from overhead to underground?
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How many insulators should each string of strain insulators have compared to a normal span arrangement?
How many insulators should each string of strain insulators have compared to a normal span arrangement?
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What is the recommended alignment for the overhead line crossing in relation to adjacent traction masts or structures?
What is the recommended alignment for the overhead line crossing in relation to adjacent traction masts or structures?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in the particulars of the overhead line that must be provided?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in the particulars of the overhead line that must be provided?
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What should be taken into consideration when determining the factors of safety for conductor designs?
What should be taken into consideration when determining the factors of safety for conductor designs?
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In the design calculations for structures related to overhead line crossings, what is a critical aspect that might be included?
In the design calculations for structures related to overhead line crossings, what is a critical aspect that might be included?
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Which factor should NOT be significantly influenced by external environmental conditions when designing overhead structures?
Which factor should NOT be significantly influenced by external environmental conditions when designing overhead structures?
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What type of load consideration is essential to be included in the design of overhead line crossings?
What type of load consideration is essential to be included in the design of overhead line crossings?
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What is the importance of including temperature data in the information submitted for the crossing?
What is the importance of including temperature data in the information submitted for the crossing?
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What should be included in the design calculations if standard structures are used for the transmission line concerned?
What should be included in the design calculations if standard structures are used for the transmission line concerned?
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Which of the following is a requirement for the owner when proposing a power line crossing?
Which of the following is a requirement for the owner when proposing a power line crossing?
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What factor must be adopted when calculating wind pressure for overhead line structures?
What factor must be adopted when calculating wind pressure for overhead line structures?
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What details must be provided regarding earthing in the construction documentation?
What details must be provided regarding earthing in the construction documentation?
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the drawings to be submitted?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the drawings to be submitted?
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What is the purpose of anti-climbing devices mentioned in the details?
What is the purpose of anti-climbing devices mentioned in the details?
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Which aspect is critical when detailing the protection scheme for transmission lines?
Which aspect is critical when detailing the protection scheme for transmission lines?
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Which factor influences the required characteristics of guy wire in the construction documentation?
Which factor influences the required characteristics of guy wire in the construction documentation?
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What additional information is necessary for any guarding arrangement provided?
What additional information is necessary for any guarding arrangement provided?
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In the context of lateral clearance to railway structures, what details must be documented?
In the context of lateral clearance to railway structures, what details must be documented?
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What should be included in the details of protection against moving road vehicles?
What should be included in the details of protection against moving road vehicles?
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Which characteristic is essential for maintaining the integrity of overhead line crossings?
Which characteristic is essential for maintaining the integrity of overhead line crossings?
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What certification must be included with the drawings submitted for the railway crossing?
What certification must be included with the drawings submitted for the railway crossing?
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Study Notes
Regulations for Power Line Crossings of Railway Tracks
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Definitions
- Chief Electrical Engineer: Designated officer by Zonal Railway
- Power line crossing: Electrical overhead line or underground cable across tracks
- Electrical Inspector: Officer appointed by appropriate government (Section 36 Indian Electricity Act, 1910), Zonal Railway Chief Electrical Engineer is the Electrical Inspector
- Owner: Owner of the electrical crossing
- Railway: Zonal Railway administration, includes the Chief Electrical Engineer, and Divisional Railway Manager (Electrical).
- Writing: Includes written, typewritten, or printed material.
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Scope
- Applies to electrical crossings on railway tracks operated by Indian Railways, including assisted and private sidings
- Exemptions are possible with specific written orders from the Electrical Inspector.
- Existing crossings that infringe regulations may be considered permissible with necessary relaxation in clearances.
- Crossings in tunnels or underground tubes are excluded.
- Single-phase AC traction systems (1500V DC and 25 kV, 50 Hz AC) that run along or across tracks are not included.
Approval of Works
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Designs, Drawings, etc.
- Owner must get Railway approval for designs, detailed designs, and execution method of a crossing.
- Drawings and calculations, as specified in Annexure A 4.01, must be provided to the Railway
- Agreement (Annexure A.4.02) is required after Railway approval
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Construction
- 15-day advance notification to Railway before starting construction.
- Railway inspector or representative may inspect the work during construction.
- Work must be done according to approved designs and drawings using good quality materials.
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Bringing crossing into use
- 15-day advance notification to Railway before energizing the crossing.
- "Certificate of Compliance" (Annexure A 4.03) showing compliance with designs and drawings needed before energizing the crossing
Compliance with Acts and Rules
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Indian Electricity Act 1910 and Indian Railway Act 1890
- Relevant sections of the Acts and amended rules apply, including relevant provisions of Indian railway's dimensions for broad metre and narrow gauges with latest amendments.
Compliance with Indian Standard specifications
- All materials must comply with the latest Indian Standard specifications for construction. If not available, British Standard specifications should be used.
Works to be executed by the Railway
- Railway to supervise and complete necessary construction work for placing or maintaining the crossing.
- The Railway will also build conduits and culverts that are under their supervision
- All costs associated with this work will be borne by the owner of the crossing.
Method of Crossing
- Overhead lines or underground cables:
- Underground cables should be used whenever possible for low, medium, and high voltage (up to and including 11 kV). For higher voltages, either overhead lines or underground cables can be used, with preference to underground cables. (especially for 22 kV and 33 kV systems.)
Protection of Communication Lines
- Crossings should not interfere with or endanger any railway communication lines.
- Compliance with "Code of Practice" by Central Electricity Authority and related Telecommunication Directorate is required
Maintenance of Crossing
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Railway's consent required for any work on the crossing by the owner.
- Inspections every 12 months and rectification of related defects are necessary.
- Avoidance of trees/branches falling on spans is essential
- Crossing spans must be maintained free of rust, corrosion, etc.
- Any requested shifts or modifications by the Railway should be undertaken at railway cost and with prior written consent
- All safety requirements need to be followed
Defects and Failures
- Immediate reporting of any defects or failures that could affect safety to relevant officials.
- Reports in detail to the right authorities within 48 hours.
Specifications for Structures
- Steel poles/masts: Materials should meet latest Indian Electricity rules (1956, amended upto Nov. 1984) and relevant codes of practice. Use codes of practices IS 800-1962, IS 875-1964, and IS 456-1978 as appropriate. Galvanizing should follow IS 2629-1966 standards.
- Minimum acceptable distance of structures to nearest railway track
- Maximum wind pressure requirements from relevant IS codes
Temperature and other important information
- Maximum and minimum temperatures used in conductor designs.
- Specifications for Ice/snow loading
- Factor of safety of structures, and relevant codes of practices
Clearance between overhead line and railway track
- Overhead line crossings over electrified tracks should centered between supporting structures
- Minimum clearance of 6 m between overhead equipment and nearest structure.
- Clearance under overhead line crossing should not include booster transformers, switch-type stations, substations, or track cabins in electrified areas.
- Minimum height above rail level for any conductor (including guard wires). Heights depend on voltage levels of conductors.
Minimum clearances between crossings
- Vertical and Horizontal Clears: The rules (e.g., Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 standards) dictate minimum distances between crossing conductors and railway structures, such as buildings.
- Clearance to other Power lines: Minimum vertical clearances between different power lines, considering voltages and the specifications in the Electricity Rules. Separate guarding above the lower line may be required in specified cases
Marking Crossings
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Cable Crossing Markers: Must be installed at both ends of underground cable crossings, within railway boundaries, and with details like voltage, cable depth, etc.
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Power line crossing specifications: Clearances, material specifications, and relevant guidelines for overhead and underground electrical lines crossing railway tracks to comply with safety requirements
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Regulations for Approval of data, drawings, etc.
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Inspections, maintenance, and reporting. Regular checks to maintain safety.
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Description
This quiz covers the regulations and definitions related to power line crossings over railway tracks, specifically in the context of Indian Railways. It includes details about the roles of various officials and the scope of the regulations. Test your understanding of the compliance requirements and exemptions related to electrical crossings.
