Refugee Chapters 1-27 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What does Schiendick really mean when he says, 'It's time you had your head shaved again...'?

He despises Jewish people and implies it's time for you to go back to the concentration camp.

What conflict does Josef struggle with at the end of the chapter? Do you think Josef is at fault in any way? Why or why not?

Josef struggles with lying to his dad to keep him safe, fearing that the truth would scare him. He is at fault for trying to protect his dad with a lie.

Analyze Isabel's flashback. How is it effective in the story? What does it reveal?

Isabel's flashback about her grandmother drowning reveals her fear of losing another loved one, as she almost lost Senor Castillo.

What figurative language does Isabel use to describe her life? How is this figurative language effective?

<p>Isabel describes her life as a symphony, with each note representing different experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the three characters similar to each other?

<p>All of the kids live under dictators: Josef lives in Nazi Germany and he is a Jew, Isabel lives in Castro's Cuba and fears her father may be imprisoned, and Mahmoud lives in Bashir Al-Assad's Syria during a war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conflict in Josef's story? What type of conflict is this?

<p>The Nazis against the Jews; Man vs. Society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conflict in Isabel's story? What type of conflict is this?

<p>Isabel's father could be arrested, and the Fernandez family wants to leave to stay together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conflict in Mahmoud's story? What type of conflict is this?

<p>Mahmoud's country is at war with its leader and terrorists; Man vs. Society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Ivan and his father building? What might this foreshadow?

<p>They are building a boat, which foreshadows their attempt to escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people riot, like those in Havana? Do you agree with the rioters?

<p>People riot because they think something is wrong, want freedom, or need something their country lacks. I do not agree with rioters unless it is an essential issue, like running out of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Mahmoud and his family cope with the violence and war around them?

<p>Mahmoud becomes invisible around people; Waleed acts like a zombie; their mother takes care of her children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Hitler Youth do with Josef? What might have motivated them?

<p>The Hitler Youth told Josef not to take his armband off again, possibly motivated by a desire to uphold Nazi rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you think happened to Josef's father to make him behave the way he did?

<p>The Nazis worked Aaron too hard; he was constantly worried and scared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pros and cons of staying in Cuba vs. leaving for Florida?

<p>Pros of leaving: better life and jobs; cons: possible dangers at sea and being caught.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feelings does the text convey when no help arrives after violence?

<p>It suggests the government does not care and that people feel helpless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the plot have we reached in each storyline of the novel?

<p>All characters are escaping their homes for better places to live.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall mood of Josef's new setting?

<p>Cheerful and happy, as they don't have to worry about being caught.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you think the mother of the two girls Josef and Ruthie met stayed behind?

<p>She may have stayed to protect them, or she might have been caught or died.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the sailors treat Josef with respect?

<p>There are no Nazis on the ship, and the sailors believe in treating everyone equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Isabel and Ivan's family feel when bringing their boat to the beach?

<p>They feel happy yet worried about being caught.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conflicts do Isabel and the crew face now that they are on the water?

<p>Conflicts include getting caught by police or encountering a shark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mahmoud's family take directions from soldiers?

<p>They had no choice due to fear of being killed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people fight?

<p>People fight for what they believe in, to avenge others, or due to dissatisfaction with their government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one item that Mahmoud's family will not be able to travel without? Why?

Signup and view all the answers

What possible theme emerges in Josef's story during chapter 13?

<p>Themes of responsibility, cheerfulness, and man's role in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction does a crew member have when Hitler's image is removed?

<p>The reaction was bad; the crew member respected Hitler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Josef overhear at the end of chapter 13?

<p>He overhears that not all passengers may reach Cuba.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the people on Isabel's boat hope for upon reaching the U.S.?

<p>They hope for freedom, better living conditions, and the chance to live a happy life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mood on Isabel's boat in chapter 14?

<p>The mood is happy with light-hearted interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Mahmoud like to be invisible?

<p>He feels safer being invisible and avoids being bullied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might the Turkish guards think as they watch the Syrians enter their country?

<p>They might feel unsure about the newcomers and their capacity to fit in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conflict does Josef face when he goes below deck?

<p>He sees workers singing Nazi songs and is called a 'Jewish rat' by a crew member.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the song symbolize to the crew? What does it symbolize to Josef?

<p>It symbolizes German unity and hatred towards Jews for the crew, while for Josef, it represents helplessness and anger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has motivated Lito to stay in Cuba after many years?

<p>Lito wanted to stay because Cuba was his home and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is clave and why is it important to Isabel and Lito?

<p>Clave is the hidden heartbeat of Cuban music, important to Isabel for cultural identity and to Lito for family connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Mahmoud's flashback (p. 106).

<p>Waleed is shown having fun; now he is distant and unhappy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are all three characters' conflicts similar?

<p>All three characters are leaving their homes for better places and facing obstacles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Schiendick want the deceased body covered with the Nazi flag?

<p>He cites German law as a reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aaron Landau's actions reveal about his experiences in Dachau?

<p>His actions show he was mistreated and deeply affected by the traumas he faced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do you sympathize more with Josef's father after this chapter?

<p>I have less sympathy for him due to his actions during Josef's important life events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author build suspense in Isabel's chapter?

<p>Through the death of her grandmother and life-threatening situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates Isabel to jump into the ocean to save Senor Castillo?

<p>The flashback of her grandmother drowning motivates her.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we see exploitation in Mahmoud's chapter?

Signup and view all the answers

How does Mahmoud make himself 'visible'?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the next part of Mahmoud's family's journey?

Signup and view all the answers

What is Aaron Landau's main conflict?

<p>His main conflict is character vs self, as he struggles with fear and trauma from the Nazis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do you believe Josef's actions towards his father are right or wrong?

<p>I think they are wrong because he disrespects his father out of frustration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the setting in Isabel's story characterized?

<p>The setting interacts with characters, like creating danger near the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new conflict is on the horizon for Isabel and the crew?

<p>A storm is approaching as indicated by a red horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

At this point, is the risk Isabel and others took worth it?

<p>Yes, as they are facing dire consequences if they don't escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What new conflicts do Mahmoud and his family face?

<p>They face rough waters, which could lead to falling out of the boat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens with the other two ships that arrive in Cuba?

<p>They are allowed to dock, while Josef's ship is denied entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characters and Settings

  • Josef lives in Nazi Germany, a context marked by dictatorship and persecution against Jews.
  • Isabel's story unfolds in Castro's Cuba, focusing on oppressive government and food shortages impacting her family.
  • Mahmoud resides in war-torn Syria, facing violence from government and terrorist factions.

Main Conflicts

  • Josef's conflict revolves around Man vs. Society, highlighting the struggle of Jews against Nazi oppression.
  • Isabel struggles with the threat of her father’s arrest, another Man vs. Society conflict, as her family seeks to escape their dire circumstances.
  • Mahmoud faces societal chaos amid war, also categorized as Man vs. Society.

Symbolism and Foreshadowing

  • Building a boat symbolizes Ivan and his father's hope to escape from Cuba and seek freedom.
  • The treatment of Josef and his family on the ship starkly contrasts how they were treated in Germany, revealing a sense of respect from the ship's crew.

Emotional and Psychological Responses

  • Characters employ various coping strategies in response to trauma, such as Mahmoud opting for invisibility as a way to feel safer amidst chaos.
  • Josef’s interaction with the Hitler Youth reflects internal conflicts about his identity and fear of persecution.

Family Dynamics and Relationships

  • Lito remains in Cuba due to attachment to home and culture but joins the family later to avoid isolation.
  • Jose and Isabel’s interactions evolve as they face danger, showcasing the bonds and fractures within family units against external threats.

Themes

  • Resilience emerges as a key theme, marked by the characters' determination to find a better life despite formidable obstacles.
  • Responsibility grows in Josef's character as he attempts to take care of his family, realizing he must step into a more mature role.

Conflicts and Tensions

  • Isabel's group faces increasing risk as they navigate the sea, including potential threats from authorities and dangers of the ocean.
  • Tensions rise when soldiers confront Mahmoud's family, underscoring the desperation and dangers faced by refugees.

Important Moments

  • Josef’s father exhibits a significant change resulting from his experience in concentration camps, demonstrating the trauma of oppressive regimes.
  • Isabel's moment of bravery while saving Senor Castillo signifies her growth and connects her past trauma with her present actions.

Societal Reflections

  • Rioting in Havana highlights societal unrest, driven by desperation for change and freedom.
  • Characters in the narrative experience exploitation, further illustrating the injustices within their societies, affecting their human dignity.

Conclusion and Outcome Expectations

  • The journeys of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud intertwine as they each seek refuge from oppressive environments, confronting numerous challenges along the way.
  • The fate of these characters remains uncertain, building suspense for the next chapters as they navigate danger and societal barriers to survival and freedom.

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Description

This study guide focuses on chapters 1-27 of the novel 'Refugee' by Alan Gratz. It explores the similarities between the three main characters, Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud, each facing perilous situations under different dictators. Test your understanding of the characters’ conflicts and the overarching themes of the story.

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