Reformation Cycle 1 Meeting 4

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Questions and Answers

What was one major criticism Martin Luther had towards the Catholic Church?

Religious texts were too accessible to the public.

Priests were living extravagantly and selling indulgences. (correct)

The Church was too focused on charity work.

The Pope was promoting communal living.

Which doctrine is NOT associated with Martin Luther's teachings?

Sola gratia

Sola caritas (correct)

Sola scriptura

Sola fide

What role did Johannes Gutenberg play in the Reformation?

He led the Counter-Reformation movement.

He invented the printing press, facilitating the spread of Protestant ideas. (correct)

He wrote the 95 Theses.

He was a prominent Lutheran theologian.

What was one consequence of the spread of Luther's beliefs?

Social revolts by peasants. Signup and view all the answers

The Counter-Reformation was a response to which of the following?

The rise of Protestantism and need for reform within the Catholic Church. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding Lutheranism is true?

It holds that salvation is attained through faith alone. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant economic effect of the Protestant Reformation?

Decreased tax payments due to social revolts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Luther's approach to reform?

He focused on theological change and individual faith. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the Reformation regarding the Bible?

It was translated into multiple languages. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is NOT part of Calvinism?

Baptism by fire Signup and view all the answers

What was the Act of Supremacy of 1534 significant for?

It allowed the King to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Signup and view all the answers

What did John Calvin's belief in predestination imply?

God has already chosen who will be saved or damned. Signup and view all the answers

What drove King Henry VIII to break from the Roman Catholic Church?

His pursuit of a male heir. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Counter-Reformation?

To respond to the challenges posed by the Reformation. Signup and view all the answers

Which region was known for establishing a theocracy as influenced by Calvinism?

France and Scotland Signup and view all the answers

What was one effect of the establishment of Protestant churches?

The fragmentation of Christian communities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

State of the Church (16th Century)

Priests displayed extravagance and excessive lifestyles.
Indulgences were sold at high prices, creating controversy and discontent.

Martin Luther

German theologian and religious reformer, deeply interested in monastic life from an early age.
Key principles include Sola fide (faith alone), Sola gratia (grace alone), and Sola scriptura (scripture alone).
Authored the 95 Theses, criticizing the Church's practices, particularly aimed at Johann Tetzel’s indulgences.
Thesis 86 questioned the Pope's wealth compared to the poor believers' contributions for building St. Peter's Basilica.

Spread of Protestant Ideas

Lutheranism emerged as the first Protestant religion and continues to exist today.
Luther emphasized that "faith alone" brings salvation; other Protestant denominations differ in beliefs.
Spread of ideas facilitated by Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press.

Effects on Politics

The Counter-Reformation sought to reform the Roman Catholic Church and restore its authority.
Luther’s teachings influenced governance, straining relations between Church and State.
Social revolts by peasants were inspired by Luther’s ideology.

Effects on Economy

Tax noncompliance arose due to revolts; churches faced pillaging.
Economic instability increased as a result of social upheaval.

Effects on Society

Laid foundational intellectual concepts for modernism, aided by the printing press.
Translations of the Bible produced in German, French, and English made religious texts accessible.
Protestant worship services conducted in local languages instead of Latin.
Numerous Protestant churches, groups, and movements emerged.

Response of the Catholic Church

Anticipated response to the Reformation involved initiating the Counter-Reformation for reform and revival.

John Calvin

Introduced concept of Predestination, asserting that God chooses who will be saved.
Calvinism includes doctrines such as total depravity, unconditional election, and perseverance of the saints.
Theocracies were established in regions like France, the Netherlands, and Scotland.

English Reformation

King Henry VIII's quest for a male heir prompted a major religious shift in England.
Resulted in his divorcing two wives leading to the formation of the Church of England.
The Act of Supremacy (1534) declared the King as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
Notably, Mary I, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, became a significant figure in English history due to this religious turmoil.
The emergence of various ideologies led to the Catholic Church's own Counter-Reformation in response.

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Description

Explore the impact of religious choice on individual lives in the context of the Reformation. Reflect on the state of the Church in the 16th century and delve into Martin Luther's role in advocating for change. This quiz encourages personal reflection alongside historical analysis.