Reflection of Light Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens when a ray of light passes through the center of curvature of a concave mirror?

  • It converges at the focal point.
  • It diverges and spreads out.
  • It transforms into a parallel ray.
  • It reflects back along the same path. (correct)

The image formed by an object positioned at infinity in front of a concave mirror is virtual and upright.

False (B)

What are the properties of the image formed when the object is positioned between infinity and the center of curvature in a concave mirror?

Diminished, real, and inverted.

When an object is placed at the center of curvature (c), the reflected rays intersect at point ______.

<p>M’</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the positions of the object with their respective image properties:

<p>Object at Infinity = Real, inverted, point-sized Object between Infinity and Center of Curvature = Diminished, real, inverted Object at Center of Curvature = Real, same size, inverted Object within Focus = Virtual, upright, enlarged</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential characteristic of rays that are incident to the concave mirror and parallel to the principal axis?

<p>They converge at the principal focus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any incident ray that is not parallel to the principal axis will not follow the law of reflection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focal point (f) of a concave mirror?

<p>The point where parallel rays converge after reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sign convention for distances measured to the left of the mirror pole?

<p>Negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mirror formula can only be applied to concave mirrors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the magnification formula relate to in a concave mirror?

<p>The ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object, and it is also related to the distances of the image and object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the magnification formula, 'm' represents _____ of the image compared to the object.

<p>magnification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to spherical mirrors with their corresponding definitions:

<p>Image distance (v) = Distance from mirror to image Object distance (u) = Distance from mirror to object Focal length (f) = Distance from mirror to focal point Magnification (m) = Ratio of image height to object height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the point in the center of a spherical mirror that has the same tangent and curvature?

<p>Center of Curvature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radius of curvature is the distance between the focal point and the mirror's pole.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed when light rays actually intersect after reflection?

<p>Real</p> Signup and view all the answers

The point from which reflection of light actually occurs in a mirror is known as the ______.

<p>Aperture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Principal Focus = The point where parallel rays of light converge Virtual Image = Image that cannot be projected on a screen Concave Mirror = Mirror that curves inward Pole = Midpoint of the spherical mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a virtual image?

<p>Always erect and can't be projected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principal axis is an imaginary line passing through the optical center and the center of curvature.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a concave mirror form images?

<p>It can form real or virtual images depending on the object's distance from the mirror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Concave mirrors are used in devices like ______ to focus light.

<p>telescopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of mirrors to their characteristics:

<p>Concave = Curves inward and can focus light Convex = Curves outward and diverges light Real Image = Formed by actual intersection of light rays Virtual Image = Appears to be behind the mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed when an object is placed between the pole and the principal focus of a concave mirror?

<p>Virtual and erect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Images formed by concave mirrors when the object is beyond the center of curvature are always real and inverted.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the principal focus in mirror optics?

<p>It is the point where rays parallel to the principal axis converge after reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two rays diverging from an object in front of a concave mirror will appear to intersect at a point called the ______.

<p>virtual image</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following image characteristics with their corresponding mirror scenarios:

<p>Real image = Formed when the object is beyond the center of curvature Virtual image = Formed between the pole and principal focus Erect image = Formed by concave mirrors when the object is between the pole and focus Inverted image = Formed when the object is beyond the center of curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ray path is correctly described when an object is placed between the pole and infinity in front of a concave mirror?

<p>Ray parallel to the principal axis reflects through focus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distance from the object to the mirror is always equal to the distance from the image to the mirror.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used for calculating distances in mirror optics?

<p>Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the New Cartesian Sign Convention, the object is always placed on the ______ side of the mirror.

<p>left</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sign conventions with their descriptions:

<p>Origin = Pole of the mirror X-axis = Principal axis Object position = Left side of the mirror Light direction = Falls from left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is always formed by a plane mirror?

<p>Virtual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection when light strikes a mirror.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtual image formed by a plane mirror in relation to the object?

<p>It is erect and of the same size and shape as the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle made by the incident ray and the reflective surface is called the angle of __________.

<p>incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Angle of Incidence = The angle between the incident ray and the normal Angle of Reflection = The angle between the reflected ray and the normal Virtual Image = An image that cannot be projected onto a screen Erect Image = An image that maintains the same orientation as the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ray diagram for a plane mirror, if a ray is drawn from point A to the mirror at point P, what happens to that ray?

<p>It is reflected back on itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle made by the reflected ray and the surface equals the angle made by the incident ray and the surface.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rays of light that diverge after reflection from a plane mirror?

<p>They form a virtual image behind the mirror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle made by the incident and reflected rays is equal to __________ degrees.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

When drawing a ray diagram for a concave mirror, which characteristic do the incident rays exhibit?

<p>They converge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ray Diagrams

Illustrations that trace light paths (incident and reflected rays) to show image formation.

Concave Mirror - Object at Infinity

Produces a tiny, inverted, real image at the focal point when the object is infinitely far.

Concave Mirror - Object Between Infinity and Center of Curvature

Forms a diminished, inverted, real image between the focal point and the center of curvature.

Concave Mirror - Object at Center of Curvature

Produces an image of the same size, inverted, and located at the same position as the object.

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Principal Axis

An imaginary line passing through the center of a spherical mirror and its center of curvature.

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Principal Focus (f)

Point where light rays parallel to the principal axis converge after reflection.

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Center of Curvature (c)

Center of the sphere from which the mirror is a part.

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Image Properties

Characteristics of the formed image (size, orientation, nature, location).

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Radius of Curvature (r)

Distance from the pole to the center of curvature.

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Pole (p)

Midpoint of the spherical mirror.

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Aperture

Area of a mirror where light is reflected; gives the size of the mirror.

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Principal Focus

Point where parallel light rays converge after reflection.

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Focus

Any point where light rays parallel to the axis converge.

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Real Image

Image formed where light rays actually intersect.

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Virtual Image

Image formed when light rays appear to intersect.

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Concave Mirror

A spherical mirror curving inward.

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Plane Mirror Image

The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, and of the same size as the object.

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What is the Angle of Incidence?

The angle between the incident ray and the normal to the reflecting surface.

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What is the Angle of Reflection?

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface. It's equal to the angle of incidence.

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Normal to the Surface

An imaginary line perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence.

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Reflecting Surface

The surface that reflects light, like a mirror.

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Types of Reflection

Reflection of light can be either regular (smooth surface) or diffuse (rough surface) based on the nature of the reflecting surface.

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Regular Reflection

Reflection from a smooth surface where all parallel rays of light are reflected in a single direction.

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Diffuse Reflection

Reflection from a rough surface where parallel rays of light are reflected in many different directions.

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What happens if a incident ray of light doesn't have the same angle to the normal as the reflected ray?

The reflected ray does not follow the law of reflection, and no image is formed.

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Diminished Image

An image smaller than the object.

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Mirror Formula

A mathematical relationship describing the relationship between object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of a spherical mirror: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v

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Magnification (M)

A value that relates the size of the image to the size of the object. M = -v/u.

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Sign Convention for Mirrors

A set of rules to assign signs to object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) based on the position of the object and the mirror.

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Pole of the Mirror (P)

The center of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror.

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Focal Length (f)

The distance between the pole of a mirror and its principal focus (f). It's positive for a concave mirror and negative for a convex mirror.

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Object Distance (u)

Distance measured from the pole (P) of the mirror to the object. Positive when the object is on the right side of the mirror and negative when it's on the left side of the mirror.

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Image Distance (v)

Distance measured from the pole (P) of the mirror to the image. Positive when the image is formed on the right side of the mirror and negative when it's formed on the left side.

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What happens to a straw in a cold drink?

The straw appears bent due to refraction of light as it passes from the water (denser medium) to air (less dense medium). The change in speed causes the light to bend.

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Study Notes

Reflection of Light

  • Light reflects off of objects (polished, smooth, shiny)
  • Reflection is the bouncing back of light rays from an object
  • Light travels in straight lines. This allows us to see the world around us
  • Reflection allows us to see things based on the property that light travels in a straight line, this includes twinkling of stars or light reflected by a mirror

Laws of Reflection

  • Incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane
  • Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Types of Reflection

  • Specular/Regular Reflection: Reflection from smooth surfaces creates a clear reflected image. Rays reflect at a definitive angle. Occurs with smooth surfaces.
  • Diffuse/Irregular Reflection: Reflection from rough surfaces scatters the light rays in many different directions, no clear reflected image. Each incident ray reflects at a different angle.. Occurs with rough surfaces.

Image Formation by a Plane Mirror

  • Images formed are always virtual (cannot be projected onto a screen)
  • Images formed are upright (not inverted)
  • Images formed are the same shape and size as the object

Solved Example

  • Angle of incidence (i) = 90° - angle with the surface
  • Angle of reflection (r) = angle of incidence (i)
  • Angle between reflected ray and the surface = 90° - angle of reflection (r)
  • Angle between incident and reflected rays = 2 * angle of incidence (i)

Spherical Mirrors

  • Concave Mirrors: Curved inward, like a cave. Converging mirrors.
    • Object at infinity: highly diminished, point sized, real and inverted
    • Object between infinity and centre of curvature: diminished, real, and inverted
    • Object at center of curvature: same size as object, real, and inverted
    • Object between center of curvature and focus: enlarged, real, and inverted
    • Object at focus: image at infinity
    • Object between focus and pole: enlarged, virtual, and upright
  • Convex Mirrors: Curved outward, like a ball. Diverging mirrors.
    • Object at infinity: diminished, virtual, and upright
    • Object between infinity and pole: diminished, virtual, and upright

Refraction and Refractive Index

  • Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another. This occurs due to a change in the speed of light.
  • Refractive index (n) is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (c) to the speed of light in a medium (v): n=c/v
  • Factors affecting refractive index include: nature of medium, physical conditions & color of light
  • Optically rarer medium: light travels faster
  • Optically denser medium: light travels slower

Lens Formula and Magnification

  • Lens formula: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f
    • v = image distance
    • u = object distance
    • f = focal length
  • Magnification (m) = h'/h = -v/u

Types of Lenses

  • Convex/Converging Lens: Thicker in the middle, thinner at edges.
  • Concave/Diverging Lens: Thicker at the edges, thinner in the middle

Sign Conventions

  • Origin is the optical center
  • Distances along the principal axis (left of origin) are taken to be negative.
  • Distances along the principal axis (right of origin) are taken to be positive.
  • Distances perpendicular to and above principal axis are positive
  • Distances perpendicular to and below principal axis are negative

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