Refinery Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which catalyst deactivation mode is not mentioned in the text?

  • Attrition (correct)
  • Sintering
  • Poisoning
  • Coking

    • What is the effect of quinoline on hydrocracking activity?

  • Has no effect
  • Enhances selectivity
  • Increases activity
  • Decreases activity (correct)

    • Why are acid sites and metal sites provided for reforming reactions?

  • To enhance catalyst stability
  • To improve reaction selectivity (correct)
  • To prevent catalyst deactivation
  • To increase catalyst activity

    • Which two processes are discussed in Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course?

    <p>Hydrocracking and naphtha reforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of hydrocracking over FCC?

    <p>Hydrocracking is more selective in cracking polyaromatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of hydrocracking?

    <p>High pressure causes high consumption of H2 and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which catalysts are typically used for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates?

    <p>Base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2 or a zeolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature range is typically used in the dual stage fixed bed reactors for the hydrocracking process?

    <p>375 - 425 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of naphtha reforming?

    <p>To increase the octane number of naphtha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming?

    <p>Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mode of deactivation for hydrocracking catalysts?

    <p>High amounts of metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hydrocracking activity greatly decreased by the presence of quinoline in higher amounts?

    <p>Quinoline inhibits the catalytic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Re in Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst used for reforming process?

    <p>To enhance the selectivity of the catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two important refinery processes are discussed in Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course?

    <p>Hydrocracking and catalytic reforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of hydrocracking over fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)?

    <p>Hydrocracking can selectively crack polyaromatics to produce gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, while FCC is not as selective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of hydrocracking?

    <p>High pressure of H2 causes high consumption of H2 and energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal oxides are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates?

    <p>Co, Mo, Ni, or W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape-selective zeolite is commonly used as a catalyst for producing gasoline from S and N-free feeds?

    <p>ZSM-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of injecting cold high pressure H2 between the two fixed bed reactors in the hydrocracking process?

    <p>To cool the product stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical BET area of g-Al2O3 used as a catalyst for naphtha reforming?

    <p>200 m2/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of hydrocracking?

    <p>To selectively crack polyaromatics to gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of hydrocracking?

    <p>High consumption of hydrogen and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical temperature range used in hydrocracking?

    <p>290 - 525 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are acid sites and metal sites provided for performing reforming reactions?

    <p>To enhance the selectivity of the reforming reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main purposes of hydrocracking and catalytic reforming?

    <p>To reduce the sulfur content in the feedstock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will you do as a refinery manager if your refinery receives a gas oil supply containing high amounts of metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds?

    <p>Minimize the formation of light gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal oxides are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates?

    <p>Co, Mo, Ni or W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of naphtha reforming?

    <p>Increasing octane number of naphtha cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming?

    <p>Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Re in Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst used for reforming process?

    <p>To improve the catalyst life by preventing coking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic wave can travel through liquid media?

    <p>P-waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed of the crust and portion of the uppermost mantle that deforms by brittle deformation between rigid plates?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanical boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere called?

    <p>LAB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical boundary between the crust and the mantle called?

    <p>Moho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic types of rock?

    <p>Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave is associated with particle motion and travel direction?

    <p>Rayleigh waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mineralogical phase change that occurs at the Moho?

    <p>From basalt to peridotite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the upper mantle deforms by viscous flow?

    <p>Asthenosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crust is generally younger, thinner, and consists of basaltic rocks?

    <p>Oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of the mantle dominated by?

    <p>Olivene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of continental drift?

    <p>Alfred Wegener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Motonori Matuyama's discovery of magnetic polarity reversals provide evidence for?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Vine and Matthews find evidence for in the Pacific?

    <p>Seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of tectonic plates?

    <p>Mantle convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary occurs where plates pull apart, faults and earthquakes occur, and volcanic rocks are produced?

    <p>Divergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is typically found at divergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which type of plate boundary do plates collide, faults and earthquakes occur, and the downgoing oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle?

    <p>Convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of volcanic material is typically associated with convergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Andesite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of earthquake is associated with subducting plates at convergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Deep earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of subduction and collision of two continents at a convergent plate boundary?

    <p>Formation of a mountain belt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metamorphism occurs during continental collision at convergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Regional metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock undergoes textural and mineralogical changes when deformed, pressurized, and heated?

    <p>Metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary occurs when one plate slides past another with a strike-slip motion?

    <p>Transform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential geological event can occur along a curved transform plate boundary?

    <p>Sticking and buildup of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is new lithosphere created?

    <p>At mid-ocean ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of earthquakes occur in regions of sea-floor spreading and subduction zones?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material is produced at seafloor spreading centers?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geological regions are metamorphic rocks produced?

    <p>Both subduction and collision regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies along the San Andreas Fault?

    <p>A transform plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of plate tectonics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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