Reduccion in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What was a key strategy the Spaniards used to maintain control over the Philippines?

  • Using existing Filipino communities to fight each other. (correct)
  • Encouraging cooperation between different ethnic groups in the Philippines.
  • Establishing a network of allies amongst the powerful Filipino leaders.
  • Promoting a common Filipino identity amongst the natives.

    • Which of the following actions were taken by Filipinos in response to Spanish colonialism?

  • They established diplomatic relations with Spanish officials to negotiate terms.
  • They readily welcomed Spanish rule and embraced its ideals.
  • They actively resisted Spanish rule through uprisings and rebellions. (correct)
  • They passively accepted Spanish rule, opting for peaceful co-existence.

    • What is the significance of the statement 'the Spaniards did not succeed in spreading their religion to Muslims and some indigenous groups'?

  • It suggests that the Spaniards' focus on religion was ultimately ineffective.
  • It showcases the Spaniards' failure to effectively control the Philippines.
  • It demonstrates the cultural diversity of the Philippines during Spanish colonization.
  • It highlights the strong resistance of religious groups to foreign influence. (correct)

    • What best describes the approach the Spaniards used in their conquest of the Philippines?

    <p>Military force and exploitation of existing divisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the ease with which the Spaniards conquered the Philippines?

    <p>The absence of a centralized government among Filipino communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of figures like Lapu-Lapu, Diego Silang, and Gabriela Silang?

    <p>They exemplify the resilience and courage of Filipinos who fought against colonialism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did many Filipinos accept the new religion brought by the Spaniards?

    <p>They were coerced by the fear of Spanish military power and violence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'remontados' refer to in the context of the text?

    <p>Filipinos who fled from Spanish rule and settled in remote or mountainous areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the reduccion established by Fr. Juan de Plasencia?

    <p>To make barangays more accessible for colonization and Christianity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which religious order was assigned to oversee the Tagalog provinces during the reduccion?

    <p>Augustinians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'reduccion' derive from in Spanish?

    <p>To control or conquer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the structure of the reduccion designed in relation to the church?

    <p>The church was placed in the center with key community buildings surrounding it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were Spanish soldiers prohibited from living with the native peoples in the reduccion?

    <p>To prevent conflict and harm to the natives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bajo de campanas' refer to in the context of the reduccion?

    <p>The ringing of bells to call people to church (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions were primarily excluded from the reduccion process due to geographical challenges?

    <p>Mountainous areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the community structure introduced during the reduccion for the natives?

    <p>The creation of blocks and streets for easier navigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes royal encomiendas from private encomiendas?

    <p>Royal encomiendas were reserved for the king of Spain, while private encomiendas were given to loyal Spaniards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the consequences for natives who refused to pay the tributo?

    <p>They faced punishment or were forced to buy gold. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the collected tributo primarily utilized by the colonial government?

    <p>To support various government needs, including education and health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the resentment of the native population towards encomenderos?

    <p>Encomenderos abused their power, imposing taxes and cheating the natives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial amount of tributo required per family before the increase in 1590?

    <p>Eight reales annually. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant impact of encomendero abuses on the native population?

    <p>Natives began to rebel against the Spanish rule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'tulisanes' as used in this context?

    <p>A term used to refer to impoverished natives who fled to avoid punishment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to tributo, what other financial obligations did the natives face?

    <p>Additional taxes imposed by the encomenderos. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Samboangan tax?

    <p>To build defenses against the Moros (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaced the tributo in 1884?

    <p>Community Tax Certificate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tax involved the compulsory sale of products produced by farmers?

    <p>Bandala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did many ancient Filipinos respond to the introduction of Christianity?

    <p>They embraced it due to similarities with indigenous beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the rituals commonly performed by native Filipinos before the arrival of Christianity?

    <p>Ceremonies for planting, harvesting, and life events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern equivalent of the cedula personal for citizens aged 18 and above in the Philippines?

    <p>Community Tax Certificate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tax Vinta primarily relate to?

    <p>Building defenses against the Moros (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rituals are still celebrated in the Philippines that were taught by Spaniards?

    <p>Feast of saints and Flores de Mayo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Santacruzan ritual?

    <p>To commemorate the Christian faith through a pageant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a duty of the encomendero?

    <p>To protect his people and maintain peace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Semana Santa' refer to?

    <p>Holy Week celebrations in Christianity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one effect of the missionaries teaching Christian names to baptized natives?

    <p>It facilitated census and tribute collection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity was associated with religious education for children under the missionaries?

    <p>Attending daily mass and practicing religious verses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'senakulo' refer to?

    <p>A play depicting the life of Jesus Christ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the encomienda system primarily based on?

    <p>Bestowing land in exchange for military service (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celebration became important to the native peoples under missionary influence?

    <p>Corpus Christi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reduccion in the Philippines

    • The Spanish established reducciones (settlements) to bring scattered barangays together for easier colonization and spreading of Christianity.
    • Fr. Juan de Plasencia proposed the reduccion system, which was approved by religious orders.
    • King Philip II ordered Governor-General Luis Perez Dasmariñas to implement the reduccion in 1534.
    • Religious orders were assigned to specific regions to oversee the reducciones.
    • Augustinians: Tagalog provinces, Pampanga, Ilocos, Cebu, and Panay
    • Dominicans: Cagayan and Pangasinan
    • Franciscans: Bicol Region
    • Jesuits: Samar, Bohol, Leyte, and parts of Mindanao
    • The plaza became the center of the community, with the church, convent, and municipal hall surrounding it.
    • The reduccion was organized to facilitate church attendance and centralize community activities.
    • The reduccion was structured with the church at the center, and the community's main buildings surrounding it.

    Reduccion During the Spanish Period

    • Spanish soldiers were not allowed to live with the native Filipinos in the reducciones.
    • This was due to the negative behavior of some soldiers.
    • The soldiers had to stay in Manila or Cebu.
    • Ordinary Filipino families lived outside the central area of the reduccion.
    • The plan was to facilitate easier access to religious activities for the natives.
    •  Not all areas in the Philippines were included in the reduccion system.
    • Mountainous regions largely avoided the reduccion.

    Spread of Christianity

    • The reduccion played a significant part in the spread of Christianity in the Philippines.
    • Various ceremonies and practices, including church songs, extravagant processions, the Santacruzan, Flores de Mayo, and senakulo were used to attract Filipinos to the Christian faith.
    • The celebration of Holy Week, Corpus Christi, and town fiestas were important religious celebrations within the communities.

    Encomienda

    • The encomienda system was a Spanish reward system that granted land to conquerors and colonists.
    • "Encomendar" meaning "to entrust a task" was the original Spanish word, essentially giving responsibility to a person and rewarding them with land.
    • The encomendero (landowner) had the right to collect tributes and labor from the local population.
    • They were expected to ensure peace and order and help in spreading Christianity.
    • Different types of encomienda existed: Royal(king's choice plots in important towns) and Private (given to Spaniards who assisted the king).

    Abuses of the Encomienda

    • Some encomenderos abused the system by demanding excessive tributes, exploitative labor, and mistreatment of the natives.
    • This led to uprisings and revolts against the Spaniards.
    • Natives sometimes fled to mountainous regions to avoid such abuses and were known as tulisanes or remontados.

    Tribute

    • Tributre (a form of tax) was a common contribution of the native peoples to the expenses of the colony and acknowledgment of their colonial status.
    • The amount of the tributo varied, and it was paid to the government.
    • Other taxes also existed, such as the Diezmos Prediales (tithe) and the Samboangan tax.

    Reactions to Spanish Colonialism

    • Filipinos reacted differently to Spanish colonization, with some accepting the new religion out of fear or social pressure, while others resisted through uprisings.
    • The fact that Filipinos were not a unified group led to the Spaniards taking advantage of their internal conflicts to conquer them more easily.
    • Heroes like Lapu-Lapu and others led resistance against Spanish rule.

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    Related Documents

    Grade 5: The Reduccion and Encomienda in the Philippines PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the reduccion system established by the Spanish in the Philippines for the consolidation of barangays and the spread of Christianity. It covers the contributions of various religious orders and the organizational structure of these settlements. Test your knowledge on the historical significance and implementation of reducciones during the Spanish colonial period.

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