Reduccion in the Philippines

The process of relocating Filipino communities into designated towns by Spanish authorities during the colonial period.

The central plaza within a reduccion, serving as the community's hub.

The church was the most important building in a reduccion, signifying the centrality of Christianity in the community.

The Spanish clergy were tasked with spreading Christianity and supervising the reduccion.

The reduccion was designed to make Filipinos easily accessible for the Spanish to administer and convert them to Christianity.

Spanish soldiers were not allowed to reside with Filipinos within the reduccion due to their harmful behavior.

The reduccion was structured in a way that allowed Filipinos to easily access the church. This was facilitated by the layout of the town, which ensured everyone could hear the church bells.

The reduccion was not applied to all areas of the Philippines, particularly the mountainous regions, as they were difficult to access by the Spanish.

A religious procession in the Philippines that commemorates the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena, usually held in May.

A dramatic re-enactment of the passion and death of Jesus Christ, performed in various parts of the Philippines during Holy Week.

The week leading up to Easter Sunday, a week of religious observances and traditions in the Philippines.

A traditional Filipino devotion during Holy Week, focusing on the suffering and death of Jesus Christ. It involves reciting verses about the Passion of Christ.

A system of land grants given by the Spanish crown to conquistadors and officials in the Philippines, granting them control over indigenous populations and their labor.

The person granted an encomienda, who had the right to collect tributes and labor from the indigenous people living within the encomienda.

The duties and responsibilities of an encomendero, including maintaining peace, protecting the people, and assisting missionaries in spreading Christianity.

A type of land grant given to Spanish officials in the Philippines during the colonial era, reserved for the King of Spain, encompassing important towns and ports.

A type of land grant in the Philippines given to Spaniards who served the King during colonization, often located in mountainous or coastal regions.

A tax levied on the native Filipinos by the Spanish colonial government, intended as a contribution to the colony's expenses and a form of recognition of their colonized status.

Abuses committed by encomenderos, including imposing unfair taxes, grabbing land, and cheating natives on gold payments.

Native Filipinos who fled to the mountains to escape the abuses of encomenderos and avoid paying tribute.

The amount of tributo collected annually per Filipino family during the early years of Spanish rule.

The increase in the tributo amount by Governor-General Luis Perez Dasmariñas in 1590.

Distribution of the tributo collected, with one-fourth going to the church and the remaining three-fourths to the Spanish government.

A tax levied by the Spanish government on Filipinos for the construction of defenses against Moro raiders from 1660 to 1851.

This tax required farmers to sell their produce, such as rice and tobacco, to the Spanish government at fixed prices. The government determined quotas and prices, often leaving farmers unpaid. Farmers in Tagalog provinces and Pampanga were heavily impacted.

This tax replaced the 'tributo' in 1884 and served as an identification paper for Filipinos.

A tax for the church (tithe), equivalent to 1 real.

A tax levied on Filipinos in Bulacan and Pampanga for building defenses against Moro raiders.

The Spanish used their military force to instill fear and achieve easy conquest of the Philippines.

The Spaniards, seeing disunity among Filipinos, exploited these divisions to maintain their own power and prevent a united resistance.

Indigenous Filipinos who resisted Spanish rule and converted to Christianity out of fear often faced harsher treatment.

The Spanish used military force to subdue the Filipinos. This resulted in widespread fear among the population.

Groups of indigenous Filipinos who escaped Spanish control by moving to remote areas, mountains, or other inaccessible places.

The Spaniards faced opposition from groups like Bankaw, Tamblot, and Pagani babaylan, who resisted the imposition of Christianity.

Lapu-Lapu's victory over Magellan in the Battle of Mactan signaled resistance to Spanish rule, inspiring future Filipino heroes.

Filipino heroes like Diego and Gabriela Silang, Maniago, Dagohoy, and others, continued to fight against Spanish colonialism, demonstrating the Filipinos' commitment to freedom.