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Questions and Answers
Which type of white blood cell contains a U-shaped or lobed nucleus and releases histamine?
Which type of white blood cell contains a U-shaped or lobed nucleus and releases histamine?
- Neutrophils
- Basophils (correct)
- Eosinophils
- Lymphocytes
What is the function of platelets in blood clotting?
What is the function of platelets in blood clotting?
- To cause blood clotting (correct)
- To form long threads of fibrin
- To release thrombin
- To convert fibrinogen to fibrin
What converts prothrombin to thrombin in the blood clotting process?
What converts prothrombin to thrombin in the blood clotting process?
- Thromboxane
- Prothrombin activator (correct)
- Platelets
- Fibrinogen
What is the enzyme that destroys the fibrin network after blood vessel repair starts?
What is the enzyme that destroys the fibrin network after blood vessel repair starts?
What does aspirin inhibit in the platelets?
What does aspirin inhibit in the platelets?
What disorder is characterized by a deficiency in platelet number?
What disorder is characterized by a deficiency in platelet number?
Where are B cells and T cells developed into important immune system cells?
Where are B cells and T cells developed into important immune system cells?
What do macrophages develop into, after taking residence in tissues?
What do macrophages develop into, after taking residence in tissues?
What causes the formation of fibrin threads that catch RBCs during blood clotting?
What causes the formation of fibrin threads that catch RBCs during blood clotting?
What is contained in serum that is absent in plasma?
What is contained in serum that is absent in plasma?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in the blood?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in the blood?
Which component of the blood helps regulate body temperature by picking up heat from active muscles and transporting it around the body?
Which component of the blood helps regulate body temperature by picking up heat from active muscles and transporting it around the body?
What are the formed elements of blood primarily produced in?
What are the formed elements of blood primarily produced in?
Which of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells (RBCs)?
What is the main function of white blood cells (WBC) in the blood?
What is the main function of white blood cells (WBC) in the blood?
What is the main function of platelets in the blood?
What is the main function of platelets in the blood?
Which component of blood is responsible for maintaining the liquid content of the blood high through osmotic pressure?
Which component of blood is responsible for maintaining the liquid content of the blood high through osmotic pressure?
What do red blood cells (RBCs) primarily lack that contributes to their specialized function of oxygen transport?
What do red blood cells (RBCs) primarily lack that contributes to their specialized function of oxygen transport?
What is the main function of globulins in plasma?
What is the main function of globulins in plasma?
How does Oxygen primarily exist in the blood?
How does Oxygen primarily exist in the blood?
What is the primary function of blood?
What is the primary function of blood?
What is the role of hemoglobin in blood?
What is the role of hemoglobin in blood?
How does blood contribute to homeostasis?
How does blood contribute to homeostasis?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
How does blood contribute to the transportation of waste products?
How does blood contribute to the transportation of waste products?
What is the primary role of blood plasma proteins?
What is the primary role of blood plasma proteins?
In what way does blood maintain homeostasis?
In what way does blood maintain homeostasis?
What is the function of blood in transporting nutrients?
What is the function of blood in transporting nutrients?
Which type of white blood cells is responsible for specific immunity to particular pathogens and toxins?
Which type of white blood cells is responsible for specific immunity to particular pathogens and toxins?
What is the function of basophils in the body?
What is the function of basophils in the body?
Which white blood cell type is the largest and can differentiate into even larger macrophages?
Which white blood cell type is the largest and can differentiate into even larger macrophages?
What is the function of erythropoietin?
What is the function of erythropoietin?
What is the primary function of granular leukocytes or granulocytes?
What is the primary function of granular leukocytes or granulocytes?
Which process involves a projection from the white blood cell surrounding a pathogen and engulfing it?
Which process involves a projection from the white blood cell surrounding a pathogen and engulfing it?
What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune system?
What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune system?
Which component of the formed elements in blood is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products?
Which component of the formed elements in blood is responsible for the transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products?
What happens to the majority of iron in the globin portion of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed?
What happens to the majority of iron in the globin portion of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed?
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Study Notes
- Blood serves multiple functions: transportation, protection, temperature regulation, clotting, and homeostasis.
- Transportation: Blood carries oxygen from lungs to cells and carbon dioxide from cells to lungs. Nutrients, wastes, hormones, and lipoproteins are also transported.
- Protection: White blood cells (WBC) defend against pathogens and clotting factors prevent excessive blood loss.
- Temperature Regulation: Blood helps maintain body temperature by carrying heat from active muscles.
- Clotting: Platelets and clotting factors prevent excessive blood loss.
- Homeostasis: Blood plays a role in regulating body temperature, water-salt balance, and acid-base balance.
- Composition: Blood is composed of formed elements (red and white blood cells, platelets) and plasma.
- Plasma: Makes up 55% of the blood and contains water, salts, organic molecules, and plasma proteins.
- Red Blood Cells (RBC): Specialized for oxygen transport, contain hemoglobin, and lack a nucleus.
- Hemoglobin: Contains globin and heme portions, binds reversibly to oxygen, and has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide.
- Oxygen Transport: Bound to hemoglobin, making up 97% of the oxygen in blood, with 3% dissolved in plasma.
- Carbon Dioxide Transport: In plasma as bicarbonate ions, in RBCs as carbaminohemoglobin, and as dissolved carbon dioxide.
- Red Blood Cell Production: Produced in red bone marrow, have a lifespan of about 120 days, and are destroyed and replaced through homeostatic mechanisms.
- White Blood Cells (WBC): Derived from red bone marrow, fight infections, and have varying lifespans.
- Phagocytosis: A process in which WBCs engulf and destroy pathogens using lysosomes.
- Antigen-Antibody Reaction: WBCs produce antibodies to combine with and neutralize antigens.
- Erythropoietin (EPO) and Blood Doping: EPO stimulates RBC production for athletic performance, but can have fatal side effects.
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