Red and White Blood Cells Overview
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with low blood sugar?

  • Excessive thirst (correct)
  • Dizziness
  • Irritability
  • Fast heart rate

    • What does a high level of AST in the blood typically indicate?

  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Kidney failure
  • Liver cell damage (correct)
  • Respiratory acidosis

    • What is the normal range for total carbon dioxide levels in mEq/L?

  • 35-40
  • 23-30 (correct)
  • 20-25
  • 30-35

    • Which condition is NOT likely associated with decreased levels of carbon dioxide?

    <p>Excessive urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a primary component of total serum carbon dioxide measurements?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might a patient experience increased carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>With severe diarrhea or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has hyperglycemia, which of the following symptoms might they exhibit?

    <p>Blurry vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor indicates acidosis or alkalinity based on the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide?

    <p>Bicarbonate concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms might a patient with low calcium levels experience?

    <p>Confusion and heart arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for magnesium levels in the body?

    <p>1.3-2.1 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Increased risk of cardiac irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated BUN level typically indicate?

    <p>Kidney dysfunction and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hypomagnesemia in patients?

    <p>Excessive GI losses and alcoholism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is serum creatinine primarily used in clinical settings?

    <p>To assess kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if a patient is fluid overloaded regarding BUN levels?

    <p>BUN levels may dilute and decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Hepatitis and Addison’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of increased levels of ALT in the blood?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis may relate to an abnormal platelet count?

    <p>Risk for Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab values are crucial for assessing kidney function?

    <p>BUN and creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low level of AST or ALT indicate?

    <p>Normal physiological function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis could be associated with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia?

    <p>Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of blood analysis, what signifies a possible infection?

    <p>High WBC count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might an increased level of AST indicate?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal values for ALT are typically within which range?

    <p>4-36 units/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by too few red blood cells?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with polycythemia?

    <p>Excessive bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for hemoglobin in adult females?

    <p>12-16 g/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low hematocrit level indicate?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do white blood cells (WBCs) play in the body?

    <p>Help fight off infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could indicate a high white blood cell count?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) that checks the proportion of red blood cells?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical normal range for white blood cells in the body?

    <p>5,000-10,000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>Fighting bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Neutrophils reach 80% in a white blood cell count, what does this indicate?

    <p>Overwhelming infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'left shift' in white blood cells indicate?

    <p>Production of immature white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for platelet count in the body?

    <p>150,000-400,000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do platelets play in the body?

    <p>Controlling bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when a person has an insufficient number of platelets?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell type is specifically involved in managing asthma responses?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to white blood cell counts during an infection?

    <p>They increase as a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Red Blood Cells

    • Polycythemia, or an excess of red blood cells (RBCs), can be caused by dehydration, low oxygen levels, high altitudes, or heart/lung disease.
    • Anemia, or a deficiency of RBCs, can be caused by excessive bleeding, iron deficiency, or chronic kidney disease.
    • Hemoglobin is the protein in RBCs that carries oxygen and has normal values of 14-18 g/dL for males and 12-16 g/dL for females.
    • Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume composed of RBCs and has normal values of 42-52% for males and 37-47% for females.
    • A low hematocrit indicates anemia.

    White Blood Cells

    • White blood cells (WBCs) are part of the immune system and have a normal value of 5,000-10,000/mm3.
    • Increased WBCs can indicate infection, stress, or leukemia.
    • Decreased WBCs can indicate drug toxicity, overwhelming infections (like HIV), or bone marrow disorders like lymphoma.
    • There are five types of WBCs:
      • Neutrophils: fight bacteria, normal range is 45-75% of total WBCs.
      • Basophils: involved in asthma.
      • Eosinophils: involved in allergies.
      • Lymphocytes: fight infections by producing antibodies.
      • Monocytes: clean up dead cells.

    Platelets

    • Platelets (thrombocytes) are responsible for blood clotting and have a normal value of 150,000-400,000/mm3.
    • Platelets are made in the bone marrow.
    • Thrombocytopenia is a condition where patients have low platelet counts.

    Electrolytes

    • Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and has a normal value of 8.5-10.5 mg/dL.
    • High calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can cause confusion, heart arrhythmias, bradycardia, muscle weakness, coma, and death.
    • Low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) can cause similar central nervous system and cardiovascular complications.
    • Magnesium is critical for metabolic processes and has a normal value of 1.3-2.1 mEq/L.
    • Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can increase cardiac irritability and worsen cardiac arrhythmias.
    • Hypomagnesemia can be caused by excessive GI losses, diuresis, alcoholism, or chronic kidney disease.
    • High magnesium levels (hypermagnesemia) can be caused by hepatitis or Addison's disease.
    • Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures waste products in the blood and has a normal value of 10-20 mg/dL.
    • High BUN can be caused by kidney disease, heart failure, dehydration, or ureteral/bladder obstruction.
    • Low BUN can be caused by a lack of protein, liver conditions, or fluid overload.
    • Creatinine is a waste product that is filtered through the kidneys and has a normal value of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL.
    • High creatinine levels indicate possible kidney problems.
    • Serum Carbon Dioxide is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and has a normal value of 23-30 mEq/L.
    • The serum carbon dioxide test measures bicarbonate levels in the blood.
    • High carbon dioxide levels can be caused by diarrhea, vomiting, metabolic alkalosis, or suctioning.
    • Low carbon dioxide levels can be caused by kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, shock, or low blood pressure.

    Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

    • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is a liver enzyme and has a normal value of 0-35 units/L.
    • Elevated AST can indicate liver dysfunction, skeletal muscle disease, or hemolytic anemia.
    • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is another liver enzyme and has a normal value of 4-36 units/L.
    • High ALT can indicate liver disease, muscular disease, or myocardial infarction.

    Critical values

    • It is important to know critical test values for electrolyte and blood cell imbalances.
    • Critical values indicate the potential severity and urgency of a situation.
    • Risk for electrolyte imbalances
    • Risk for bleeding
    • Risk for unstable blood glucose levels
    • Risk for infection

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Fundamentals of Nursing Laboratory Values PDF

    Description

    Explore the key characteristics and functions of red and white blood cells in this quiz. Learn about conditions like polycythemia and anemia for RBCs, as well as the role of WBCs in the immune system. Test your understanding of normal values and indicators related to blood cell counts.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser