Rectal Prolapse in Veterinary Medicine

True (A)

Storage site for feces until defecation

<p>complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cattle = 6 months to 2 years Pigs = Common at any age Small ruminants = Similar to adult cattle Ewe = Any age and sex can be affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To salvage healthy underlying tissue while removing necrotic or traumatized mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submucosal resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 to 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submucosal resection = Removal of necrotic mucosa while preserving underlying tissue Purse-string suture = Technique to secure the prolapsed tissue Prolapse repositioning = Returning the prolapsed tissue to its normal position Amputation = Removal of the rectum due to severe tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viable mucosa with no laceration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexible tubing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strict dietary rest followed by gradually changing to normal food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stricture of the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>laxatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dietary rest = Prepare the digestive system for normal function Antibiotics = Prevent infection Anti-inflammatories = Reduce swelling and pain Lidocaine infusion = Control straining during recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catastrophic breakdown of the closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maximize urethral dilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidural or Lidocaine infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inverting 3-0 absorbable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemorrhage = Immediate Complication Recurrent urolithiasis = Long-Term Complication Bladder rupture = Immediate Complication Chronic cystitis = Long-Term Complication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flunixin meglumine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check for blockage due to stone or blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nematodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thelazia gulosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Musca automnalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thelazia rhodesii = Small, thin, yellowish-white worms 1.0–2.0 cm long. Thelazia gulosa = Milky-white worms with thin transverse cuticular striations. Thelazia spp. = Nematodes causing eye infections in cattle. Face flies = Intermediate hosts transmitting Thelazia to ruminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20–25 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep cup-shaped buccal cavity; thin transverse cuticular striations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid damage to surrounding tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local anesthesia (epidural, pudendal, or line block)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buhner Needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal iliac artery = Runs horizontally across the pelvis Pexy = Surgical fixation Buhner needle = Used to create sutures vaginally Rectal palpation = To ensure no suture has entered the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recurrence of prolapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgical procedure to remove a stone from the urethra by using a catheter and saline solution to push it out.

A technique used in urethral hydropulsion where an assistant blocks the opening at the tip of the urethra and the surgeon blocks the beginning of the urethra, creating pressure to widen the urethra for easier stone removal.

A type of catheter used in urethral hydropulsion made of polypropylene, a type of plastic.

A procedure involving making an incision in the bladder to access and remove a stone.

A type of suture used to close the bladder after an incision.

Inserting a Pezzar catheter through the bladder wall to drain urine after surgery.

Medication typically prescribed after urethral surgery to prevent infection.

The removal of the Pezzar catheter after the surgery, typically 7-14 days later.

Thelazia nematodes, commonly known as eyeworms, are parasitic worms that infect the orbital cavities and surrounding tissues of various animals like cattle and horses.

Face flies act as intermediate hosts for eyeworms, transmitting the parasite to large ruminants.

Thelazia gulosa is a specific type of eyeworm characterized by its milky-white color, thin striations, and a deep cup-shaped mouth.

Thelazia rhodesii is another type of eyeworm, distinguished by its small, thin, yellowish-white body and prominent striations at the head.

Adult eyeworms live under the eyelids, nictitating membrane, nasolacrimal ducts, conjunctival sacs, and lacrimal gland ducts.

The prepatent period of Thelazia rhodesii, the time from infection to when the parasite becomes infectious, is 20-25 days.

Male Thelazia gulosa have 8 to 33 pairs of pre-cloacal papillae and three pairs of post-cloacal papillae. They also have two asymmetric spicules, which are needle-like structures used for reproduction.

Female Thelazia gulosa are 4.8-18.8 mm long and have a tapered tail.

The expulsion of feces from the anus is controlled by the anal sphincter, a muscular structure that can contract or relax.

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum protrudes through the anus, ranging in severity from slight to complete.

The length of the prolapsed tissue, or how much of the rectum is sticking out, impacts the prognosis and treatment options. Longer prolapses are more challenging.

Rectal prolapse can appear as a reddish, rosette-shaped structure extending from the anus.

The rectum sits behind the small colon and is attached to the pelvic cavity. It narrows to a short canal, the anal canal.

The rectum's blood supply is located on the dorsal (back) side, which is important for surgery.

Most common in cattle between 6 months to 2 years old, rectal prolapses can affect any breed, sex, or age group.

Diarrhea and weak support tissues in the pelvis can contribute to rectal prolapse in pigs.

A condition where the rectum protrudes outside the anus, often caused by straining during defecation.

The process of stitching the rectal wall back into place.

A type of suture material that dissolves over time and doesn't need to be removed.

A common complication after rectal prolapse surgery where the rectum narrows, making defecation difficult.

A surgical technique where tissue is clamped and cut off to remove dead tissue.

A buildup of pus in the body, often caused by an infection.

The likelihood of a successful outcome and recovery.

A condition that increases the risk of something else happening, like rectal prolapse.

A surgical procedure that involves suturing the vaginal wall to the pelvic wall to prevent vaginal prolapse.

A technique used during Minchev Pexy that involves using a Buhner needle to pass suture material around the cervix and through a button.

A technique used during Minchev Pexy that involves using a straight needle, thimble, and gauze to pass suture material around the cervix and through a button.

The internal iliac artery should be avoided during Minchev Pexy to prevent damage.

The Minchev pexy is performed on both sides of the vagina to provide additional support.

The suture materials should be left in place until parturition.

Minchev pexy can be complicated by infection, but rarely leads to abscess formation.

One of the potential complications of Minchev pexy is recurrence of vaginal prolapse.

A surgical procedure to remove the affected mucosa while preserving the healthy underlying tissue in the treatment of rectal prolapse.

A flexible tube used to guide the prolapse back into its normal position in the treatment of rectal prolapse.

A method used to secure the prolapse in its correct position after it has been reduced.

The preferred technique for treating rectal prolapse when the prolapsed mucosa is damaged but the underlying tissue is healthy

The process of gently pushing the prolapse back into its normal anatomical position.

Using lubrication to make the prolapse easier to reposition.

A suture used to secure the skin and fascia around the anus after rectal prolapse treatment.

The process of inserting a flexible tube into the lumen of the rectal prolapse.