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Questions and Answers
What is a likely cause of a bilateral perineal hernia in a male dog?
What is a likely cause of a bilateral perineal hernia in a male dog?
What is a common complication of anal sac surgery?
What is a common complication of anal sac surgery?
What is the primary goal of medical treatment for infected anal sacs?
What is the primary goal of medical treatment for infected anal sacs?
What is the typical location of a perineal hernia?
What is the typical location of a perineal hernia?
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What is a common sign of perineal hernia?
What is a common sign of perineal hernia?
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What is a potential consequence of surgical trauma during anal sac surgery?
What is a potential consequence of surgical trauma during anal sac surgery?
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What is the primary reason for the higher incidence of perineal hernia in intact male dogs?
What is the primary reason for the higher incidence of perineal hernia in intact male dogs?
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What is the typical character of a perineal hernia?
What is the typical character of a perineal hernia?
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What is a common clinical finding in dogs with perineal hernia?
What is a common clinical finding in dogs with perineal hernia?
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What is the typical treatment for anal sacs with neoplasia?
What is the typical treatment for anal sacs with neoplasia?
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Study Notes
Rectal Prolapse
- Ulceration, inflammation, and congestion of the rectal mucosa are common
- Early stages: short, non-ulcerated, inflamed segment; later stages: darkened, congested, and necrotic mucosal surface
- Treatment:
- Identify and eliminate the cause
- Replace prolapsed tissue to its proper anatomic location or amputate if necrotic
- Use hypertonic sugar solution to relieve edema and ease reduction
- Place a loose anal purse-string suture for 5-7 days
- Recommend moistened diet and fecal softener postoperatively
Rectal Tears
- A separation, rent, or tear in the rectal or anal mucosa
- Caused by laceration inflicted within the lumen (e.g., foreign bodies, sharp bones, needles, and other rough material)
- Clinical findings and diagnosis:
- Constipation and reluctance to defecate due to pain
- Tenesmus and hemorrhage
- Perineal discoloration and inspection of the rectum and anus
- Fresh blood found on a glove or on feces after rectal examination
- Treatment:
- Initiate immediately in all species
- Accidental perforation during rectal examination necessitates immediate treatment to reduce risk of peritonitis and death
Perineal Hernia
- A lateral protrusion of a peritoneally lined hernial sac between the levator ani and either the external anal sphincter muscle or the coccygeus muscle
- Incidence: intact 6- to 8-yr old male dogs
- Etiology and pathogenesis:
- Breed predisposition
- Hormonal imbalance
- Prostatic disease
- Chronic constipation
- Weakness of the pelvic diaphragm due to chronic straining
- Hormonal influences (estrogens and androgens)
- Clinical findings and diagnosis:
- Constipation and obstipation
- Tenesmus and dyschezia
- Stranguria may occur secondary to retroflexion of the bladder and prostate
- Perineal swelling ventrolateral to the anus
- Herniation may be bilateral, but two-thirds are unilateral and >80% of these are on the right side
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Description
This quiz covers the symptoms and treatment of rectal prolapse in animals, including ulceration, inflammation, and congestion of the rectal mucosa.
