Questions and Answers
What is a likely cause of a bilateral perineal hernia in a male dog?
What is a common complication of anal sac surgery?
What is the primary goal of medical treatment for infected anal sacs?
What is the typical location of a perineal hernia?
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What is a common sign of perineal hernia?
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What is a potential consequence of surgical trauma during anal sac surgery?
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What is the primary reason for the higher incidence of perineal hernia in intact male dogs?
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What is the typical character of a perineal hernia?
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What is a common clinical finding in dogs with perineal hernia?
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What is the typical treatment for anal sacs with neoplasia?
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Study Notes
Rectal Prolapse
- Ulceration, inflammation, and congestion of the rectal mucosa are common
- Early stages: short, non-ulcerated, inflamed segment; later stages: darkened, congested, and necrotic mucosal surface
- Treatment:
- Identify and eliminate the cause
- Replace prolapsed tissue to its proper anatomic location or amputate if necrotic
- Use hypertonic sugar solution to relieve edema and ease reduction
- Place a loose anal purse-string suture for 5-7 days
- Recommend moistened diet and fecal softener postoperatively
Rectal Tears
- A separation, rent, or tear in the rectal or anal mucosa
- Caused by laceration inflicted within the lumen (e.g., foreign bodies, sharp bones, needles, and other rough material)
- Clinical findings and diagnosis:
- Constipation and reluctance to defecate due to pain
- Tenesmus and hemorrhage
- Perineal discoloration and inspection of the rectum and anus
- Fresh blood found on a glove or on feces after rectal examination
- Treatment:
- Initiate immediately in all species
- Accidental perforation during rectal examination necessitates immediate treatment to reduce risk of peritonitis and death
Perineal Hernia
- A lateral protrusion of a peritoneally lined hernial sac between the levator ani and either the external anal sphincter muscle or the coccygeus muscle
- Incidence: intact 6- to 8-yr old male dogs
- Etiology and pathogenesis:
- Breed predisposition
- Hormonal imbalance
- Prostatic disease
- Chronic constipation
- Weakness of the pelvic diaphragm due to chronic straining
- Hormonal influences (estrogens and androgens)
- Clinical findings and diagnosis:
- Constipation and obstipation
- Tenesmus and dyschezia
- Stranguria may occur secondary to retroflexion of the bladder and prostate
- Perineal swelling ventrolateral to the anus
- Herniation may be bilateral, but two-thirds are unilateral and >80% of these are on the right side
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Description
This quiz covers the symptoms and treatment of rectal prolapse in animals, including ulceration, inflammation, and congestion of the rectal mucosa.