COPY: Reconstruction Era: Amendments & Acts

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Questions and Answers

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

Allowed black men to vote.
Prevented states from denying rights based on race.
Abolished slavery. (correct)
Guaranteed citizenship to all persons born in the United States.

The 14th Amendment overturned which Supreme Court decision?

Miranda v. Arizona
Dred Scott decision (correct)
Plessy v. Ferguson
Marbury v. Madison

According to the parameters set by Congress, what proportion of states needed to ratify the 14th Amendment for it to become effective?

1/2
3/4 (correct)
All of them
2/3

Which state was the only one not to refuse ratification of the 14th Amendment?

Tennessee (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Johnson's Reconstruction Plan require Southern states to do?

Withdraw its secession. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 declare?

Blacks were citizens and could not have their property rights restricted. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

It was the first major piece of legislation passed over a presidential veto. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What event sparked a push for the creation and passage of the 14th Amendment?

Southern violence, including massacres in Memphis and New Orleans. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Under the Reconstruction Acts, how many military districts were the Southern states divided into?

5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What name was given by Southerners to the aggressive terms and enforcement of Reconstruction?

Bayonet Rule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What label was given to white southerners who cooperated with Radical Reconstruction?

Scalawags (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. President was impeached by the House of Representatives during Reconstruction?

Andrew Johnson (D) Signup and view all the answers

By the time of the 1868 election, which of the following states had NOT yet been readmitted to the Union?

Mississippi (C) Signup and view all the answers

The 15th Amendment prohibits denying the right to vote based on what criteria?

Race, color, or previous condition of servitude (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states had to ratify the 15th Amendment before being readmitted to the Union?

Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main point of contention regarding the 15th Amendment for women's suffrage activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony?

It did not address the right to vote based on gender. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a significant challenge the U.S. government faced during the initial phase of Reconstruction?

Establishing the political and legal status of former Confederate states. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which action was required of the governments formed under Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

Providing education for formerly enslaved people. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the key difference between the Wade-Davis Bill and Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction, leading Lincoln to pocket veto the bill?

The Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of southerners to take a loyalty oath, a significantly higher threshold than Lincoln's plan. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which event immediately elevated Andrew Johnson to the presidency, setting the stage for his approach to Reconstruction?

The death of Abraham Lincoln. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor enabled Andrew Johnson to implement his Reconstruction plan largely unimpeded during the early months of his presidency?

The absence of Congress, which was in recess at the time. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental disagreement led Radical Republicans in Congress to reject Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan?

They considered it too lenient toward the South and sought stricter measures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the 14th Amendment on discriminatory laws like the Black Codes?

It struck at discriminatory legislation, stating that no law can abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States (D) Signup and view all the answers

What critical threshold did Congress achieve following the 1866 midterm elections that dramatically altered the balance of power during Reconstruction?

A two-thirds majority in both the House and Senate, enabling them to override presidential vetoes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Prior to the passage of the Military Reconstruction Act, what was President Andrew Johnson's influence on Reconstruction policies, and how did Congress respond?

Johnson's power was completely neutralized, and Congress had the two-thirds majority to overrule any presidential veto. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the 15th Amendment explicitly prohibit?

Denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the 15th Amendment and the split in the women’s suffrage movement, and what overarching question did this controversy reveal?

The 15th Amendment exacerbated divisions within the women’s suffrage movement, leading to decades of bitter partisanship between those who prioritized Black male suffrage and those who advocated for women’s inclusion; the controversy questioned whether strategic incrementalism or universal enfranchisement should guide social reforms. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Ku Klux Klan's acts of violence?

To suppress Black voters and maintain white supremacist control. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 attempt to address the violence perpetrated by the Ku Klux Klan?

By placing elections under federal jurisdiction and penalizing interference with the right to vote. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factors contributed to the waning of Northern resolve during Reconstruction in the 1870s?

Diminishing concern about the South as the Civil War faded from memory and focus shifted to industrialization and economic issues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the term given to Southern state governments dominated by white Southern Democrats after 1876, and what was their primary agenda?

"Redeemer" governments, aimed at restoring white control and implementing discriminatory Jim Crow laws. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Special Field Order No. 15 aim to provide to Black families, and who issued it?

40-acre parcels of confiscated land and a mule, issued by General William T. Sherman. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau, established in March 1865?

To facilitate the reincorporation of formerly enslaved people into American society as free citizens. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best elucidates President Andrew Johnson's role regarding Special Field Order No. 15?

He overturned the order, returning confiscated land to its original owners. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Black Codes enacted in Southern states during Reconstruction?

To restrict the freedom and opportunities of African Americans and maintain a system of white supremacy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Under the Black Codes, what would typically happen to an unemployed Black individual?

They would be fined for vagrancy and then hired out to private employers to satisfy the fine. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was a typical arrangement for dividing the crop between the planter and the sharecropper?

The planter received two-thirds, and the sharecropper received one-third. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary economic consequence of the sharecropping system for many Black sharecroppers?

It trapped them in a cycle of debt and generational poverty. (B) Signup and view all the answers

By 1880, what percentage of agricultural land in the South was owned by Black southerners, despite their significant presence in the farm population?

Less than 10 percent (B) Signup and view all the answers

Besides the Ku Klux Klan, what were some other secret terrorist societies that emerged in the South during Reconstruction?

The Knights of the White Camelia and the Pale Faces. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment vs. Dred Scott

Overturned the Dred Scott decision, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.