24 Questions
What is the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune response?
Recognize characteristic features of pathogens and molecules released by damaged cells
Why is the variety of pattern recognition receptors limited in the innate immune system?
Due to the need for each receptor type to be encoded by a specific gene
What is the major difference between the innate and adaptive immune systems in terms of receptor diversity?
Innate immune system uses a limited number of receptors with broad specificity, while adaptive immune system uses numerous specific receptors.
Why is the variety of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system constrained by the cell membrane's surface area?
The finite surface area limits the number of receptors that can be present on the cell membrane
Which type of immune response has evolved prior to the other, innate or adaptive?
Innate immune response
What is the main disadvantage of the approach used by the innate immune system in terms of receptor specificity?
Limited specificity due to using a small number of broadly specific receptors
What is the primary function of the innate immune system cells upon recognizing a pathogen?
Initiate phagocytosis
What is the role of chemokines in the immune response?
Attract cells through chemotaxis
What distinguishes chemokines from cytokines?
Their role in attracting cells through chemotaxis
Which type of signaling molecule allows cells to communicate with each other over short distances?
Cytokine
What initiates a change in the physiology of a receiving cell when exposed to a cytokine?
The action of the cytokine
Which event occurs when an innate immune system cell recognizes an intracellular pathogen?
Cellular apoptosis
What is the main function of the cells of the innate immune system upon recognizing a pathogen?
Initiating phagocytosis or cellular apoptosis
How do cytokines and chemokines differ in their functions?
Chemokines induce cells to change their physiology, while cytokines attract cells.
What type of receptor is usually found on cells of the innate immune system?
Receptors for bacterial components
What is the primary function of chemokines in the immune response?
Attracting cells towards a specific location
How do soluble mediators affect the behavior of cells in the immune response?
By triggering changes in cell physiology
What happens when an intracellular pathogen is recognized by a cell of the innate immune system?
The cell initiates phagocytosis or undergoes cellular apoptosis
What type of cells recognize patterns of pathogen-specific molecules in the innate immune response?
Phagocytic cells and cytotoxic NK cells
Why is the variety of pattern recognition receptors limited in the innate immune system according to the text?
Because the finite surface area of the cell membrane prevents unlimited receptor expression
How does the approach to receptor diversity differ between the innate and adaptive immune systems?
The innate immune system uses a limited number of receptors, while the adaptive immune system uses a large number of highly specific receptors
What is the primary constraint on the variety of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system?
The need for each receptor type to be encoded by a specific gene
What distinguishes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune response from receptors in the adaptive immune response?
PRRs are present on the cell surface whether needed or not, while adaptive immune receptors are only expressed when pathogens are present
Why does the innate immune system need to use a limited number of receptors that are active against a wide variety of pathogens?
Due to the constraint of having limited DNA allocated to make receptors
This quiz covers the recognition process of pathogen-specific molecules by phagocytic cells, NK cells, and pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune response. It explores how these receptors identify characteristic features of pathogens and molecules from damaged cells.
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