Podcast
Questions and Answers
What physiological mechanism enables better detection of edges in vision?
What physiological mechanism enables better detection of edges in vision?
Where is the left visual field information from both eyes processed?
Where is the left visual field information from both eyes processed?
What is the role of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in visual processing?
What is the role of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in visual processing?
Which is an example of a phenomenon supporting the center-surround model of vision?
Which is an example of a phenomenon supporting the center-surround model of vision?
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What triggers a voltage change across the cell membrane in photoreceptors?
What triggers a voltage change across the cell membrane in photoreceptors?
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Which statement best describes the function of rhodopsin in the visual system?
Which statement best describes the function of rhodopsin in the visual system?
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What visual feature does the center-surround arrangement help detect effectively?
What visual feature does the center-surround arrangement help detect effectively?
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What visual process is aided by the slight disparity between the left and right eye images?
What visual process is aided by the slight disparity between the left and right eye images?
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What does the centre-surround arrangement in receptor cells primarily aid in detecting?
What does the centre-surround arrangement in receptor cells primarily aid in detecting?
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Which structure within the brain maintains a retinotopic map well into the primary visual cortex?
Which structure within the brain maintains a retinotopic map well into the primary visual cortex?
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What is the role of the Mach band illusion in visual processing?
What is the role of the Mach band illusion in visual processing?
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What triggers a voltage change across the cell membrane in photoreceptors?
What triggers a voltage change across the cell membrane in photoreceptors?
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In which part of the brain are disparities between left and right eye images analyzed to provide depth clues?
In which part of the brain are disparities between left and right eye images analyzed to provide depth clues?
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What is one of the roles of separate layers within the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
What is one of the roles of separate layers within the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
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Where does the crossover of fibres from both nasal retinas occur?
Where does the crossover of fibres from both nasal retinas occur?
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What continual process involving rhodopsin affects the sensitivity of photoreceptors to light?
What continual process involving rhodopsin affects the sensitivity of photoreceptors to light?
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Study Notes
Receptor Connections to Ganglia
- Receptor cells are arranged in a centre-surround pattern, where light in the centre of the ganglion receptive field has the opposite action of light in its periphery.
- This arrangement is suitable for detecting contrast in a ganglion cell's receptive field.
- A "signal" exists only if there is an interesting feature, leading to some "illusions".
- Inhibition of one receptor's activity by its neighbours enables better detection of edges.
Optic Nerve Pathway
- Information from the left visual field from both eyes is processed in the brain's right half.
- Fibres from both nasal retinas cross over in the optic chiasma.
- A retinotopic map is maintained well into the primary visual cortex.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
- Acts as a relay station within the thalamus.
- Separate layers receive information from both eyes.
- Separate layers receive input from cones vs. rods, motion-sensitive cells, etc.
Binocular Vision
- The left and right eyes are set slightly apart, providing a slightly different view of the world.
- The autonomous reflex is to move the eyes to reduce differences as much as possible.
- Remaining disparities provide clues about depth, as does the amount of eye movement required.
Photochemistry
- Rods and cones absorb light due to pigment molecules with broad absorption bands in the visible spectrum.
- Upon absorbing photon energy, pigment breaks down into two components, triggering a voltage change across the cell membrane.
- Rhodopsin, a combination of vitamin A and a protein, is the pigment in rods.
- Rhodopsin is continually destroyed and reformed, with its concentration governing the overall sensitivity of photoreceptors to light.
Colour Recognition
- Pigments in rods and all 3 cone types are slightly different, resulting in different wavelength sensitivity.
- Sensitivity equals the strength of signal to ganglion cells.
- Having more than one receptor type with slightly different sensitivity curves allows for the distinction of colours by associating each with a specific set of response rates.
Receptor Connections to Ganglia
- Receptor cells are arranged in a centre-surround pattern, where light in the centre of the ganglion receptive field has the opposite action of light in its periphery.
- This arrangement is suitable for detecting contrast in a ganglion cell's receptive field.
- A "signal" exists only if there is an interesting feature, leading to some "illusions".
- Inhibition of one receptor's activity by its neighbours enables better detection of edges.
Optic Nerve Pathway
- Information from the left visual field from both eyes is processed in the brain's right half.
- Fibres from both nasal retinas cross over in the optic chiasma.
- A retinotopic map is maintained well into the primary visual cortex.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
- Acts as a relay station within the thalamus.
- Separate layers receive information from both eyes.
- Separate layers receive input from cones vs. rods, motion-sensitive cells, etc.
Binocular Vision
- The left and right eyes are set slightly apart, providing a slightly different view of the world.
- The autonomous reflex is to move the eyes to reduce differences as much as possible.
- Remaining disparities provide clues about depth, as does the amount of eye movement required.
Photochemistry
- Rods and cones absorb light due to pigment molecules with broad absorption bands in the visible spectrum.
- Upon absorbing photon energy, pigment breaks down into two components, triggering a voltage change across the cell membrane.
- Rhodopsin, a combination of vitamin A and a protein, is the pigment in rods.
- Rhodopsin is continually destroyed and reformed, with its concentration governing the overall sensitivity of photoreceptors to light.
Colour Recognition
- Pigments in rods and all 3 cone types are slightly different, resulting in different wavelength sensitivity.
- Sensitivity equals the strength of signal to ganglion cells.
- Having more than one receptor type with slightly different sensitivity curves allows for the distinction of colours by associating each with a specific set of response rates.
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Description
Learn about the arrangement of receptor cells in a centre-surround pattern, detecting contrast, and inhibition of receptors for better edge detection. Understand the role of optic nerve pathways in vision.
