Recent Developments in Data Management
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Questions and Answers

What type of data do social networks like Facebook and Twitter collect?

  • Only financial transactions
  • Only communications among people
  • Information about people and their communications (correct)
  • Only web pages for searching purposes

    • What is the purpose of search engines like Google and Bing collecting their own repository of web pages?

  • For social networking
  • To collect information about people
  • For searching purposes (correct)
  • To provide personalized services

    • What is a characteristic of Big Data storage systems?

  • Involving large clusters of distributed computers (correct)
  • Storing only small amounts of data
  • Using only SQL systems
  • Using a single computer for storage

    • What is a recent development in the field of database technology?

    <p>The emergence of NOSQL systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a service industry that uses database technology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recent application of database technology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a DBMS in terms of defining a database?

    <p>Defining data types, structures, and constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a modification operation in a DBMS?

    <p>Insertions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of applications interacting with a database?

    <p>Preventing unauthorized users to access data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an additional function that a DBMS may provide?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a mini-world entity in a UNIVERSITY environment?

    <p>STUDENT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a transaction in a DBMS?

    <p>To read data and update certain values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method of accessing a database?

    <p>Through web applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a DBMS in terms of multiple users?

    <p>Processing and sharing by concurrent users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a STUDENT and a SECTION?

    <p>A STUDENT takes a SECTION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the credit hour for the COURSE 'Intro to Computer Science'?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prerequisite for the COURSE 'Data Structures'?

    <p>No prerequisite is specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which INSTRUCTOR teaches the SECTION with Section_identifier 102?

    <p>Knuth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a database?

    <p>A collection of related data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the department offering the COURSE 'Intro to Computer Science'?

    <p>CS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is data?

    <p>Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a COURSE and a DEPARTMENT?

    <p>A COURSE is offered by a DEPARTMENT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mini-world?

    <p>Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Semester of the SECTION with Section_identifier 112?

    <p>Fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Database Management System (DBMS)?

    <p>A software package to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a STUDENT and a DEPARTMENT?

    <p>A STUDENT majors in a DEPARTMENT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Database System?

    <p>The DBMS software together with the data itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of databases are focused on in the first part of the course?

    <p>Traditional Applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a traditional database application?

    <p>Numeric and Textual Databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an example of a more recent database application?

    <p>Numeric and Textual Databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the data type of the 'Student_number' column in the database catalog?

    <p>Character (4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of database administrators?

    <p>Authorizing access to the database, coordinating and monitoring its use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of 'Course_number' in the database catalog?

    <p>XXXXNNNN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of database designers?

    <p>Defining the content, structure, and constraints of the database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the 'Workers Behind the Scene' in the context of database users?

    <p>Those who design and develop the DBMS software and related tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the data type of the 'Major' column in the database catalog?

    <p>Major_type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of those who use and control the database content?

    <p>Using and controlling the database content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation name that the 'Course_name' column belongs to in the database catalog?

    <p>COURSE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Recent Developments

    • Social networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) capture information about people, communications, and shared content (posts, tweets, photos, videos)
    • Search engines (e.g. Google, Bing, Yahoo) collect web pages for searching purposes
    • New technologies manage vast amounts of web data:
      • Big Data storage systems with distributed computers
      • NOSQL (Not Only SQL) systems
      • Large data centers using thousands of machines ("cloud")

    Impact of Databases and Database Technology

    • Businesses: Banking, Insurance, Retail, Transportation, Healthcare, Manufacturing
    • Service industries: Financial, Real-estate, Legal, Electronic Commerce, Small businesses
    • Education: E-learning
    • Recently impacted: Social Networks, Environmental and Scientific Applications, Medicine and Genetics
    • Personalized applications: based on smart mobile devices

    Basic Definitions

    • Database: a collection of related data
    • Data: known facts with implicit meaning
    • Mini-world: part of the real world for which data is stored in a database
    • Database Management System (DBMS): software for creating and maintaining a computerized database
    • Database System: DBMS software, data, and applications

    Types of Databases and Database Applications

    • Traditional applications: Numeric and Textual Databases
    • More recent applications: Multimedia, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Biological and Genome Databases, Data Warehouses, Mobile databases, Real-time and Active Databases

    Typical DBMS Functionality

    • Define a database in terms of data types, structures, and constraints
    • Save initial database contents on secondary storage medium
    • Manipulate the database: retrieval, modification, and access control
    • Processing and sharing by concurrent users and application programs

    Application Activities Against a Database

    • Applications interact with a database by generating queries and transactions
    • Queries access different parts of data and formulate the result of a request
    • Transactions read data and update certain values or generate new data and store it in the database
    • Applications must not allow unauthorized users to access data

    Additional DBMS Functionality

    • DBMS may provide protection or security measures to prevent unauthorized access
    • Presentation and visualization of data
    • Maintenance of the database and associated programs over the lifetime of the database application

    Example of a Database (with a Conceptual Data Model)

    • Mini-world: part of a UNIVERSITY environment
    • Entities: STUDENTs, COURSEs, SECTIONs, DEPARTMENTs, INSTRUCTORs
    • Relationships: SECTIONs are of specific COURSEs, STUDENTs take SECTIONs, etc.

    Example of a Simple Database

    • COURSE table with columns: Course_name, Course_number, Credit_hours, Department
    • SECTION table with columns: Section_identifier, Course_number, Semester, Year, Instructor

    Database Users

    • Actors on the scene:
      • Database administrators: responsible for authorizing access, coordinating use, and monitoring efficiency
      • Database designers: responsible for defining content, structure, constraints, and functions or transactions

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    Description

    This quiz covers recent developments in data management, including social networks and search engines, and their role in collecting and storing vast amounts of data. Topics include Facebook, Twitter, Google, and more.

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