Rebellions Against Henry VII (1486-1490s)

The Cornish Rebellion of 1497 was sparked by the unpopular taxation levied on the region to finance Henry VII's campaign against Scotland. Cornwall, being distant from the Scottish border, resented the financial burden and felt unfairly targeted.

Henry VII successfully quashed the Cornish Rebellion, executing the rebel leaders. This victory, however, made him question his existing system for maintaining order and stability. The rebellion also prompted a treaty with Scotland (Treaty of Ayton), aiming to eliminate Scottish support for Perkin Warbeck.

Henry VII exercised strict control over church appointments. He filled key positions with loyal and well-educated individuals, ensuring that the church reinforced his authority and policies.

<p>The Lollards advocated for the Bible to be accessible in the vernacular language, rejected the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, and desired a monarch-led church structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VII countered the threat of Yorkist claimants like Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel by employing a combination of military force (crushing rebellions), executions, and strategic diplomacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recurrent rebellions in England during Henry VII's reign, sparked by factors such as taxation and Yorkist claims, indicated the vulnerability of his throne to both domestic and foreign challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaty of Ayton was negotiated by Henry VII after the Cornish Rebellion to end Scottish support for Perkin Warbeck. This demonstrated his understanding that quelling domestic unrest was not enough to secure his rule. He needed to address the underlying political and strategic issues, which included tackling potential external support for rebels and claimants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In addition to military suppression, Henry VII utilized strategic diplomacy to solidify his reign. He established alliances with important European powers, like France and Scotland, to curtail foreign support for potential rivals, and he also negotiated treaties to resolve disputes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Lollards believed in Bible access for laypeople.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humanists wanted education and the sciences to be part of learning, alongside religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erasmus was the key humanist scholar of the period who influenced notable English thinkers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salvation was achieved through a combination of faith and good works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Lollards denounced transubstantiation in the Mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Music played an important role in religious services, particularly in cathedrals and churches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The seven sacraments were Baptism, Unction, Marriage, Confirmation, Holy Orders, Eucharist, and Penance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Gothic perpendicular style was prevalent during this church building period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VII commissioned Polydore Vergil to write a history of England and employed John Skelton to promote his reign through poetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Colet established St. Paul's School and advocated for translating the New Testament into English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grammar schools replaced secondary education, primarily teaching humanities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The society was largely feudal, with landowners and senior churchmen at the top and laborers at the base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 90% of the population lived in rural areas, indicating a primarily agrarian society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Retaining Acts were intended to limit the power of nobles through the control of retaining knights and gentlefolk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas More wrote 'Utopia,' criticizing church practices, and supported the translation of religious texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commoners, primarily laborers, were insecure and dependent on others for their income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers led the rebellion, remaining loyal to Richard III.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lambert Simnel was captured and sent to work in the royal kitchens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warbeck received support from Yorkists, France, Margaret of Burgundy, and Scotland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaty of Etaples (1492) halted French support for Warbeck, and the Treaty of Ayton (1497) ended Scottish support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edmund de la Pole fled to France in 1499, which led to his eventual capture and execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Yorkshire Rebellion was caused by resentment over taxes for the Brittany campaign and poor harvests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VII took decisive actions against Yorkist claimants, including executions and attainders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humphrey Stafford was executed, while Thomas Stafford was pardoned and remained loyal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lower clergy, including curates and chantry priests, worked with ordinary people at the parish level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Henry VII appointed John Morton and Richard Fox for their legal expertise rather than their spirituality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Yorkshire Rebellion was primarily caused by taxation for the Brittany campaign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Black Death reduced the population, increasing the value of labor and allowing yeoman farmers to buy more land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pastoral farming was predominantly practiced in the North/West, while mixed farming was common in the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cornish Rebellion led to Henry crushing the rebels and executing their leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Chain of Being reinforced a hierarchical society ordained by God and promoted obedience through the church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giles Daubeney supported Henry VII during the Battle of Bosworth and helped suppress the Cornish Rebellion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intellectual movement emphasizing human potential and achievements.

Changes in educational institutions to improve literacy and learning.

Institutions teaching humanities, replacing secondary education.

Founded by John Colet to promote accessible education.

Author of 'Utopia', criticized church, executed for beliefs.

Social hierarchy with landowners at the top and workers at the base.

Legislation to limit the power of the nobility through recruitment control.

Bourgeoisie, including merchants and professionals, gaining prominence.

A group advocating Bible access for laypeople and rejecting papal authority.

The belief that bread and wine become Christ’s body and blood during Mass.

A Renaissance movement emphasizing learning, individual potential, and ancient texts study.

A leading humanist scholar whose ideas influenced English thinkers.

Belief that the Pope is infallible and the head of the Catholic Church.

Key religious ceremonies in Catholicism including Baptism and Eucharist.

A state where souls are purified after death through suffering.

Style of church building characterized by pointed arches and ribbed vaults.

A rebellion led by Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers against Henry VII after Bosworth.

A rebellion in 1487 led by Lambert Simnel claiming to be the Earl of Warwick.

A rebellion in the 1490s led by Perkin Warbeck, who impersonated Richard of York.

The leader of the Suffolk Rebellion, last major Yorkist claimant.

Simnel captured, sent to royal kitchens; 28 men attainted by Henry VII.

A treaty in 1492 where France ceased support for Warbeck.

Resentment over tax and poor harvests related to Brittany campaign.

Henry acted decisively against Edmund de la Pole, leading to Suffolk's imprisonment.

Earl of Northumberland was killed by rebels due to being blamed for abandoning Richard III.

Resistance against taxation to fund the campaign against Scotland; Cornwall was too poor to bear it.

15,000 rebels from Cornwall marched to London during the Cornish Rebellion.

Henry withdrew troops from Scotland to quell the Cornish Rebellion, demonstrating a military approach to governance.

Continuous challenges to Henry's rule from Yorkist claimants highlighted the instability of his reign.

Henry strengthened royal authority through control of church appointments and governance.

Emerging reformist ideas within the church, such as calls for vernacular Bible access.

Henry demonstrated loyalty to the Pope, securing legitimacy for his marriage and heirs.

Curates and chantry priests who worked at the parish level with ordinary people.

Henry VII appointed John Morton and Richard Fox for their legal expertise rather than spirituality.

Rebellion caused by taxation for the Brittany campaign; resulted in limited challenge to royal authority.

Rebellion against Scottish campaign taxes; rebels marched to London but were crushed by Henry.

A hierarchical social structure ordained by God, promoting obedience and church support for government.

The Black Death reduced the population, leading to social mobility and weakened the feudal system.

Pastoral farming in the North/West and mixed farming in the South, influenced by geography.

¾ of the population resided in the southeast of England.