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Questions and Answers
What is an example of human error that can lead to a security break?
What is the term for tricking users into revealing sensitive information?
What is an example of a system vulnerability?
What is an example of an insider threat?
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What is an example of a physical security breach?
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What is the term for encrypting data and demanding payment for decryption keys?
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What is the term for overwhelming systems with traffic to make them unavailable?
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What is the term for injecting malicious code into databases to access sensitive data?
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Study Notes
Reasons for Security Break
Human Error
- Carelessness: e.g., using weak passwords, falling for phishing scams
- Lack of knowledge: e.g., not understanding security best practices, misconfiguring systems
- Negligence: e.g., failing to update software, ignoring security warnings
Social Engineering
- Phishing: tricking users into revealing sensitive information
- Pretexting: creating a fake scenario to gain access to information
- Baiting: leaving malware-infected devices or storage media in public areas
System Vulnerabilities
- Unpatched software: exploiting known vulnerabilities in outdated software
- Misconfigured systems: e.g., open ports, weak passwords, unnecessary services
- Zero-day attacks: exploiting previously unknown vulnerabilities
Insider Threats
- Malicious insiders: intentionally causing harm from within an organization
- Accidental insiders: unintentionally causing harm due to lack of knowledge or carelessness
Physical Security Breaches
- Unauthorized access to facilities or devices
- Theft or loss of devices or storage media containing sensitive data
- Tampering with devices or systems
Malware and Ransomware
- Viruses: self-replicating code that damages systems or data
- Trojans: malicious code disguised as legitimate software
- Ransomware: encrypting data and demanding payment for decryption keys
Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
- Overwhelming systems with traffic to make them unavailable
- Using multiple compromised systems to launch a coordinated attack
SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Injecting malicious code into databases to access sensitive data
- Injecting malicious code into websites to steal user data or take control of sessions
Reasons for Security Breach
Human Error
- Carelessness can lead to security flaws, such as using weak passwords or falling for phishing scams.
- Lack of knowledge often results in misconfiguration of systems and unawareness of security best practices.
- Negligence includes ignoring software updates and disregarding security alerts.
Social Engineering
- Phishing schemes deceive users into disclosing sensitive information.
- Pretexting involves creating a fictitious scenario to manipulate individuals into providing data.
- Baiting encourages individuals to use infected devices left in public areas, compromising systems.
System Vulnerabilities
- Unpatched software leaves systems open to exploitation of known vulnerabilities.
- Misconfigured systems, such as open ports and weak passwords, can be easily attacked.
- Zero-day attacks leverage unknown vulnerabilities, often catching organizations off guard.
Insider Threats
- Malicious insiders deliberately compromise security, potentially causing significant harm.
- Accidental insiders unintentionally create security risks due to ignorance or carelessness.
Physical Security Breaches
- Unauthorized access can occur when individuals gain entry to restricted facilities or devices.
- Theft or loss of devices containing sensitive information presents a serious security risk.
- Tampering with devices or systems can lead to data breaches and operational disruptions.
Malware and Ransomware
- Viruses can replicate themselves and inflict damage on systems or data, leading to extensive recovery efforts.
- Trojans masquerade as legitimate software but contain harmful payloads that can compromise systems.
- Ransomware encrypts data and demands payment, essentially holding information hostage.
Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
- DoS attacks flood systems with excessive traffic, rendering them unavailable to legitimate users.
- DDoS attacks involve multiple compromised systems coordinating a massive assault on targeted networks or services.
SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- SQL injection involves inserting harmful code into databases, allowing unauthorized access to sensitive data.
- XSS attacks inject malicious scripts into websites, enabling attackers to steal user data or hijack online sessions.
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Description
This quiz covers the common reasons behind security breaches, including human error and social engineering tactics. Learn about the different ways security can be compromised.
