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Questions and Answers
In a Real-Time Operating System, EDF scheduling assigns a dynamic priority to each task according to its request rate.
False
The primary goal of a multimedia server is to serve an unlimited number of clients with simultaneous requests.
False
In a Real-Time Operating System, the process manager maps each process onto the CPU resources according to their priority.
True
Rate-monotonic scheduling is a non-preemptive scheduling algorithm.
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A storage system designed for continuous media storage and retrieval must prioritize sequential access over random access.
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Deterministic algorithms provide statistical guarantees to clients.
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Real-Time Operating Systems do not require specialized resource allocation schemes to manage multimedia applications.
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In a SAN architecture, storage devices are connected directly to servers.
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Intra-stream synchronization refers to the synchronization of multiple media streams.
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Network-attached storage (NAS) is a type of storage system that provides block-level access to files.
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Data striping schemes are used to increase the capacity of tertiary storage.
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Inter-object synchronization is the lowest level of synchronization in multimedia streaming.
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In a streaming server, the communicator subsystem is responsible for retrieving media components from the storage system.
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Media synchronization mechanisms are required to ensure that packets are delivered in a timely manner to prevent congestion in the internet.
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The operating system is a subsystem of the streaming server that is responsible for processing multimedia data under timing constraints.
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Packets that are successfully delivered to the client are first processed by the transport layer and then by the application layer.
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A streaming server typically consists of four subsystems: communicator, operating system, storage system, and media decoder.
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Study Notes
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
- RTOS is necessary for real-time applications, such as streaming, to satisfy real-time requirements.
- Process management in RTOS deals with the main processor resource, mapping each process onto the CPU resources.
- RTOS uses EDF scheduling and rate-monotonic scheduling to fulfill timing requirements of continuous media.
- EDF scheduling assigns a deadline to each task and processes them in the order of increasing deadline.
- Rate-monotonic scheduling assigns a static priority to each task based on its request rate.
Resource Management
- Resource management in RTOS involves admission control and resource allocation to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) for clients.
- Admission control algorithms can be classified into deterministic and statistical algorithms.
- Deterministic algorithms provide guarantees to clients, while statistical algorithms provide statistical guarantees.
- Resource allocation schemes can be either deterministic (making reservations for the worst case) or statistical (achieving utilization by allowing temporary overload).
File Management
- The file system provides access and control functions for file storage and retrieval in RTOS.
- File management is essential for multimedia storage and retrieval.
Storage System
- Data striping schemes scatter multimedia files across multiple disks, allowing parallel access to the disk array.
- Tertiary and hierarchical storage can increase capacity, while SAN (Storage Area Network) architecture and NAS (Network-Attached Storage) are proposed for deploying large-scale storage.
Media Synchronization
- Media synchronization is essential for maintaining temporal relationships within and between media streams.
- There are three levels of synchronization: intra-stream sync (lowest layer), inter-stream sync (second layer), and inter-object sync (integrates streams and time-independent data).
- Media synchronization mechanisms are required to achieve synchronization between video and audio presentations.
Streaming Servers
- Streaming servers play a key role in providing a streaming service by processing multimedia data under timing constraints.
- Streaming servers retrieve media components in a synchronous fashion to prevent jerkiness in video motion and pops in audio during playback.
- A streaming server typically consists of three subsystems: communicator, operating system, and storage system.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of Real-Time Operating Systems, including process management, storage systems, and satisfying real-time requirements for streaming applications.
