Real Estate Final Exam Study Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not considered an agent of production?

  • Profit (correct)
  • Labor
  • Land
  • Capital

Which of the following represents a type of financial encumbrance?

  • Easement
  • Private restriction
  • Lien (correct)
  • Profit

What is an appraiser called who is self-employed and works for multiple clients?

  • Fee appraiser (correct)
  • Certified appraiser
  • Assessor
  • Staff appraiser

If an appraiser accepts an assignment based on a predetermined opinion, which section of the Ethics Rule might they violate?

<p>The Conduct section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the income approach to determining value?

<p>Value = Income ÷ Rate of Return (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When valuing land using the sales comparison approach, which characteristic is least relevant?

<p>Similar improvements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diminishes the value of an older house with four bedrooms but only one bathroom?

<p>Functional obsolescence because of a deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is generally not a characteristic an appraiser looks for in comparables?

<p>Availability of garage space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of a house does the kitchen belong to?

<p>Working zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is included only for comparables in the URAR form's sales comparison grid?

<p>Sales or financing concessions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is NOT required for a property's selling price to be a reliable market value indication?

<p>Transaction must be all cash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is included in an appraisal report to prevent unwarranted conclusions?

<p>Disclaimers of liability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which scenario can a state-licensed appraiser perform a federally related appraisal?

<p>Single-family residence valued at $300,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a decrease in property value due to external factors?

<p>External obsolescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component of a physical appraisal report?

<p>Tax assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of obsolescence is caused by a property's design or functionality limitations?

<p>Functional obsolescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a property's current use change according to its vacant land value?

<p>When the vacant land value is greater than the improved property value plus demolition cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a consideration when determining what is to be appraised?

<p>The market conditions at the time of appraisal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the value of the leasehold affected when the contract rent is less than the market rent due to a long lease?

<p>The value of the leasehold has dropped while the leased fee has risen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely conclusion from adjusted value indicators of $418,000, $425,000, $454,000, and $455,000, with fewer adjustments to the first two properties?

<p>$422,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of value serves as the theoretical basis for the sales comparison approach to value?

<p>Principle of substitution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a horizontal member used to support the load of a floor or ceiling?

<p>Joist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What likely issue arises when a house has serious termite damage to its foundation?

<p>Reduced structural integrity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the market perception of a property with long-term low contract rents when market rents rise?

<p>The property is viewed less favorably due to lower cash flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cost of repairing the damage is greater than the increase in value resulting from fixing the damage. This is an example of:

<p>incurable physical deterioration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transaction would not be considered federally related?

<p>A transaction valued at $60,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A house was built 25 years ago. Its physical condition is better than average for a house of that age. The house has a/an ___________ age of 25 years.

<p>actual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A comparable sale older than _____ usually must not be considered, because market conditions will have changed too much.

<p>1 year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lot and block method of legal description is most commonly used when describing:

<p>residential subdivisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An investment is expected to earn an 18% return per year, compounding annually. The initial amount of the investment is $1,000. At the end of two years, what will the investment be worth?

<p>$1,392.40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of the following, the simplest method of estimating construction costs is the:

<p>comparative unit method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the length of a property's boundary facing a body of water or a street?

<p>frontage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of an appraisal?

<p>Opinion of value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing the sales comparison approach, what should an appraiser do for a subject property with a one-car garage compared to a comparable with no garage?

<p>Subtract the value of the garage from the comparable's price (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a triple net lease, which expense is a commercial tenant responsible for?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is collected regarding employment and commuting patterns within a metropolitan area?

<p>General data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the annual income of a commercial property is $800,000 and the capitalization rate is 12%, what is the value of the property?

<p>$6,666,666 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of foundation is supported by separate raised concrete blocks on its own footings?

<p>Pier and beam foundation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the improved value of a property that has a residential value of $100,000, a commercial value of $160,000, and a demolition cost of $20,000?

<p>$140,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In appraisal, which option does NOT describe the sales comparison approach?

<p>Determining construction costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows for the division of a multi-story condominium development into individual units?

<p>Horizontal subdivision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which number of comparables is considered to yield the lowest margin of error in market analysis?

<p>10 comparables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the return of the investment capital expected by an investor?

<p>Recapture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is applied in the cost approach to property valuation?

<p>Property value = Cost of improvements - Depreciation of improvements + Land value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the government survey system in land division?

<p>Employs a grid system for land parcels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a house, which zone does the kitchen belong to?

<p>Working zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT required for a property's selling price to reliably indicate market value?

<p>Transaction must always be all cash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of information is included in an appraisal report to prevent unwarranted conclusions?

<p>Disclaimers of liability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance can a state-licensed appraiser perform a federally related appraisal?

<p>Appraisal of a single-family residence valued at $300,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the sales comparison approach in property appraisal?

<p>Comparing recent sales of similar properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Agent of Production

Resources (factors) used to create goods or services.

Financial Encumbrance

A legal claim or charge against property.

Fee Appraiser

Independent appraiser working for clients on a fee basis.

Ethical Violation (Appraiser)

Accepting an assignment with a predetermined opinion.

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Income Approach Formula

Value = Income / Rate of Return

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Sales Comparison Approach to Land Valuation

Valuing land by comparing similar properties.

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Functional Obsolescence (Deficiency)

Loss of value due to outdated or inadequate features.

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Profit (in Production)

The surplus remaining that is not needed or consumed in production

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Functional Obsolescence due to Superadequacy

A loss in value due to a feature being excessively superior to the market's needs.

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External Obsolescence

A loss in value from factors outside the property itself (e.g., zoning changes, environmental hazards).

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Kitchen's Location in a House

The kitchen is typically part of the working zone.

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Sales Comparison Grid (URAR) Exclusions

Data on the sales comparison grid, for comparables only, exclude details about the subject property and include specifics unique to comparables, such as sales concessions.

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Reliable Selling Price Indicator

A reliable sale price reflects information symmetry between buyer and seller, reasonable market exposure, absence of undue pressure, and typical financing.

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Appraisal Report Disclaimers

Statements in appraisal reports that aim to limit the interpretation of the appraisal's findings, minimizing misunderstanding and limiting liability for the appraiser.

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Federally Related Appraisal Threshold

A state-licensed (not certified) appraiser can perform appraisals for federally related transactions under certain circumstances, concerning specific property values, not encompassing extremely expensive subjects.

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Legal Description

Precise and accurate documentation of property location, essential for legal transactions and establishing ownership boundaries, avoiding ambiguity.

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Market Extraction Method

A method used in appraising properties to determine their value by evaluating similar properties in the market.

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Cost to Cure Method

A method used to determine the cost of repairing or correcting flaws or problems in a property.

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Breakdown Method

A method that breaks down a property's value into components (e.g., land, improvements), to evaluate the entire property.

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Economic Age-Life Method

A valuation method based on the economic lifespan of a property's improvements.

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Improved Property Value > Demolition Cost

Vacant land value is lower than the total value of an existing building.

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Principle of Substitution

A principle in appraisal stating that the maximum value of a property is set by a property of equal utility.

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Joist

A horizontal structural member used to support load in floor or ceilings.

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Leasehold value

The value of the tenant's right in a property under a lease.

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Depth

The distance from the front to the back of a property.

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Plottage

The added value created when combining two or more smaller parcels of land into a larger one.

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Orientation

The direction a building faces, often in relation to the sun.

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Frontage

The length of a property that borders a street or other access route.

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Appraisal

An opinion or estimate of the value of a property.

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Sales Comparison Approach

Estimating a property�s value by comparing it to similar recently sold properties.

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Triple Net Lease

A lease where the tenant pays all property expenses, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

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General Data

Broad information about the economy, demographics, and market trends in a region.

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Allodial System

A system of land ownership where individuals hold absolute title to their property, free from feudal obligations.

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Metes and Bounds System

A method of describing property boundaries using compass directions, distances, and reference points.

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Government Survey System

A system dividing land into rectangular grids using townships, ranges, and sections.

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Lot and Block System

A system describing property by referencing its lot number within a recorded subdivision or plat.

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Vertical Subdivision

Dividing a multi-story building into separate ownership units, typically condominiums.

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Incurable Physical Deterioration

When the cost to repair damage to a property is greater than the increase in value after repairs. It's a permanent, often significant decline in value due to wear and tear.

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Federally Related Transaction

Any real estate transaction involving a loan from a federally insured bank, Fannie Mae, or a savings and loan borrowing from the Federal Reserve. These transactions are subject to federal regulations and disclosure requirements.

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Economic Age

A property's age as determined by its condition and remaining useful life, not its actual age.

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Comparable Sale Age Limit

A rule of thumb suggesting it's best to use comparable sales no older than 6 months to ensure market conditions haven't changed significantly.

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Lot and Block Method

A legal description for properties in subdivisions where each lot is assigned a unique number within a specific block.

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Compounding Interest

Interest earned not only on the initial investment but also on previously earned interest. This effect leads to faster growth over time.

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Comparative Unit Method

A simple cost estimation method for construction that compares similar projects and adjusts unit costs based on differences.

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Functional Obsolescence (Superadequacy)

A loss of value because a property's features are too good for the market, exceeding typical needs.

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Income Approach to Value

Estimates a property's value by analyzing its potential income.

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Study Notes

Final Exam (1-14) Study Notes

  • Quiz Instructions: This is a preview of the final exam.
  • Question 1: Profit is not an agent of production; land, labor, and capital are.
  • Question 2: A lien is a type of financial encumbrance.
  • Question 3: A self-employed appraiser who performs appraisals for clients is known as a fee appraiser.
  • Question 4: Accepting an assignment with a predetermined outcome may violate the Conduct section of the Ethics Rule.
  • Question 5: The formula for the income approach to value is Value = Income × Rate of Return.
  • Question 6: When using sales comparison to value land, comparables must be similar in highest and best use, physical characteristics and degree of development but not necessarily similar improvements.
  • Question 7: An older house single bathroom and four bedrooms suffers from functional obsolescence.
  • Question 8: A kitchen is part of the living zone.
  • Question 9: Above-grade room count, age of property, and sales or financing concessions are considered for comparables only, not the subject property.
  • Question 10: For a property sale to reliably represent market value, the sale must have been on the open market a reasonable period, typical conditions, buyer/seller not under unusual pressure, and all cash rather than financed.
  • Question 11: An appraiser includes disclaimers, comparable property data, limiting conditions, and market trend data in appraisal reports to mitigate unwarranted conclusions.
  • Question 12: A state-licensed (not certified) appraiser can perform a federally related appraisal if the appraised property is residential.
  • Question 13: Martin County township with 75 degrees east and along Johnson Creek is a legal description.
  • Question 14: Community property is a method of property ownership. Other questions such as joint tenancy are not correct.
  • Question 15: External obsolescence includes issues like nearby paper mill, crime-ridden neighborhoods while outdated kitchen appliances are not.
  • Question 16: The principle of highest and best use determines value by the most profitable practical use of a property.
  • Question 17: Area's jobs next year, inadequate highway infrastructure, large landfills, and new environmental regulations are considered regional/community data for appraisals.
  • Question 18: The economic age-life method of estimating depreciation assumes a steady loss of value.
  • Question 19: A property's current use should change when vacant land value is greater than improved property value minus demolition cost.
  • Question 20: The purpose of the appraisal is not a consideration when determining what is to be appraised (The subject real property interest is).
  • Question 21: Because of a long lease, the value of the leasehold has dropped while the value of the leased fee has risen.
  • Question 22: The adjusted value indicators of four comparable sales are 418,000,418,000, 418,000,425,000, 454,000and454,000 and 454,000and455,000. The most probable transaction value indicated, after fewer adjustments to the first two comparables, is $439,500.
  • Question 23: Principle of substitution is the underpinning theory of the sales comparison method for valuation.
  • Question 24: A horizontal member supporting a floor or ceiling is a joist.
  • Question 25: A house with significant termite damage and costly repair exceeding the value increase, suffers from incurable physical deterioration.
  • Question 26: Transaction involving a loan made directly by a savings & loan institution does not qualify as a Federally related transaction.
  • Question 27: A house with a quality condition above average for its age displays effective age.
  • Question 28: Comparable sales older than 6 months usually are not considered because market conditions change.
  • Question 29: Lot and block method predominately describes farm properties.
  • Question 30: An investment with an 18% compound annual return of 1,000willbeworth1,000 will be worth 1,000willbeworth1,392.40 in two years.
  • Question 31: The simplest cost estimation method for construction is the comparative unit method.
  • Question 32: The length of property's boundary facing water or street is referred to as frontage.
  • Question 33: Appraisal defines the scientific or professional determination or opinion of a property's value.
  • Question 34: When performing sales comparison, subtract value of garage from the subject property cost and add the comparable's value to the comparable's price.
  • Question 35: Property taxes, hazard insurance and building maintenance are expenses for a commercial tenant with a triple net lease.
  • Question 36: An appraiser collecting employment and commuting patterns is gathering specific data.
  • Question 37: A 800,000annualincomepropertywitha12800,000 annual income property with a 12% capitalization rate has a value of 800,000annualincomepropertywitha126,666,667.
  • Question 38: A foundation supported by separate raised concrete blocks is referred to a pier and beam foundation.
  • Question 39: If a site's value is 100,000forresidentialand100,000 for residential and 100,000forresidentialand160,000 for commercial, with 20,000democost;theimprovedvalueforcommercialuseis20,000 demo cost; the improved value for commercial use is 20,000democost;theimprovedvalueforcommercialuseis180,000.
  • Question 40: The effective date of an appraisal is when the appraisal report is issued.
  • Question 41: R-value in house construction is a concern when evaluating insulation.
  • Question 42: The unit-in-place method estimates construction costs by measuring quantities and multiplying by unit costs.
  • Question 43: Gross living area is calculated using inside dimensions, excluding the garage.
  • Question 44: Using a gross income multiplier and comparable sales, the value is estimated as $224,000.
  • Question 45: Description of improvements in the URAR form does not include view.
  • Question 46: The mettes and bounds system uses a point of origin.
  • Question 47: Horizontal subdivision enables division of multi-story condos.
  • Question 48: Five comparables provide a more reliable market representation.
  • Question 49: Interest is the return on invested capital.
  • Question 50: The formula for the cost approach is: Property value = Cost of Improvements - Depreciation + Land Value.

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