Real Estate Final Exam Study Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not considered an agent of production?

  • Profit (correct)
  • Labor
  • Land
  • Capital
  • Which of the following represents a type of financial encumbrance?

  • Easement
  • Private restriction
  • Lien (correct)
  • Profit
  • What is an appraiser called who is self-employed and works for multiple clients?

  • Fee appraiser (correct)
  • Certified appraiser
  • Assessor
  • Staff appraiser
  • If an appraiser accepts an assignment based on a predetermined opinion, which section of the Ethics Rule might they violate?

    <p>The Conduct section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the income approach to determining value?

    <p>Value = Income ÷ Rate of Return (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When valuing land using the sales comparison approach, which characteristic is least relevant?

    <p>Similar improvements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diminishes the value of an older house with four bedrooms but only one bathroom?

    <p>Functional obsolescence because of a deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is generally not a characteristic an appraiser looks for in comparables?

    <p>Availability of garage space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of a house does the kitchen belong to?

    <p>Working zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is included only for comparables in the URAR form's sales comparison grid?

    <p>Sales or financing concessions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is NOT required for a property's selling price to be a reliable market value indication?

    <p>Transaction must be all cash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is included in an appraisal report to prevent unwarranted conclusions?

    <p>Disclaimers of liability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which scenario can a state-licensed appraiser perform a federally related appraisal?

    <p>Single-family residence valued at $300,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes a decrease in property value due to external factors?

    <p>External obsolescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a component of a physical appraisal report?

    <p>Tax assessments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of obsolescence is caused by a property's design or functionality limitations?

    <p>Functional obsolescence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a property's current use change according to its vacant land value?

    <p>When the vacant land value is greater than the improved property value plus demolition cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a consideration when determining what is to be appraised?

    <p>The market conditions at the time of appraisal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the value of the leasehold affected when the contract rent is less than the market rent due to a long lease?

    <p>The value of the leasehold has dropped while the leased fee has risen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely conclusion from adjusted value indicators of $418,000, $425,000, $454,000, and $455,000, with fewer adjustments to the first two properties?

    <p>$422,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of value serves as the theoretical basis for the sales comparison approach to value?

    <p>Principle of substitution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a horizontal member used to support the load of a floor or ceiling?

    <p>Joist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What likely issue arises when a house has serious termite damage to its foundation?

    <p>Reduced structural integrity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the market perception of a property with long-term low contract rents when market rents rise?

    <p>The property is viewed less favorably due to lower cash flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cost of repairing the damage is greater than the increase in value resulting from fixing the damage. This is an example of:

    <p>incurable physical deterioration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transaction would not be considered federally related?

    <p>A transaction valued at $60,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A house was built 25 years ago. Its physical condition is better than average for a house of that age. The house has a/an ___________ age of 25 years.

    <p>actual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A comparable sale older than _____ usually must not be considered, because market conditions will have changed too much.

    <p>1 year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lot and block method of legal description is most commonly used when describing:

    <p>residential subdivisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An investment is expected to earn an 18% return per year, compounding annually. The initial amount of the investment is $1,000. At the end of two years, what will the investment be worth?

    <p>$1,392.40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following, the simplest method of estimating construction costs is the:

    <p>comparative unit method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the length of a property's boundary facing a body of water or a street?

    <p>frontage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best definition of an appraisal?

    <p>Opinion of value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing the sales comparison approach, what should an appraiser do for a subject property with a one-car garage compared to a comparable with no garage?

    <p>Subtract the value of the garage from the comparable's price (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a triple net lease, which expense is a commercial tenant responsible for?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is collected regarding employment and commuting patterns within a metropolitan area?

    <p>General data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the annual income of a commercial property is $800,000 and the capitalization rate is 12%, what is the value of the property?

    <p>$6,666,666 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of foundation is supported by separate raised concrete blocks on its own footings?

    <p>Pier and beam foundation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the improved value of a property that has a residential value of $100,000, a commercial value of $160,000, and a demolition cost of $20,000?

    <p>$140,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In appraisal, which option does NOT describe the sales comparison approach?

    <p>Determining construction costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the division of a multi-story condominium development into individual units?

    <p>Horizontal subdivision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which number of comparables is considered to yield the lowest margin of error in market analysis?

    <p>10 comparables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the return of the investment capital expected by an investor?

    <p>Recapture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is applied in the cost approach to property valuation?

    <p>Property value = Cost of improvements - Depreciation of improvements + Land value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the government survey system in land division?

    <p>Employs a grid system for land parcels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a house, which zone does the kitchen belong to?

    <p>Working zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT required for a property's selling price to reliably indicate market value?

    <p>Transaction must always be all cash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information is included in an appraisal report to prevent unwarranted conclusions?

    <p>Disclaimers of liability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which circumstance can a state-licensed appraiser perform a federally related appraisal?

    <p>Appraisal of a single-family residence valued at $300,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the sales comparison approach in property appraisal?

    <p>Comparing recent sales of similar properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Agent of Production

    Resources (factors) used to create goods or services.

    Financial Encumbrance

    A legal claim or charge against property.

    Fee Appraiser

    Independent appraiser working for clients on a fee basis.

    Ethical Violation (Appraiser)

    Accepting an assignment with a predetermined opinion.

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    Income Approach Formula

    Value = Income / Rate of Return

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    Sales Comparison Approach to Land Valuation

    Valuing land by comparing similar properties.

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    Functional Obsolescence (Deficiency)

    Loss of value due to outdated or inadequate features.

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    Profit (in Production)

    The surplus remaining that is not needed or consumed in production

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    Functional Obsolescence due to Superadequacy

    A loss in value due to a feature being excessively superior to the market's needs.

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    External Obsolescence

    A loss in value from factors outside the property itself (e.g., zoning changes, environmental hazards).

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    Kitchen's Location in a House

    The kitchen is typically part of the working zone.

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    Sales Comparison Grid (URAR) Exclusions

    Data on the sales comparison grid, for comparables only, exclude details about the subject property and include specifics unique to comparables, such as sales concessions.

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    Reliable Selling Price Indicator

    A reliable sale price reflects information symmetry between buyer and seller, reasonable market exposure, absence of undue pressure, and typical financing.

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    Appraisal Report Disclaimers

    Statements in appraisal reports that aim to limit the interpretation of the appraisal's findings, minimizing misunderstanding and limiting liability for the appraiser.

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    Federally Related Appraisal Threshold

    A state-licensed (not certified) appraiser can perform appraisals for federally related transactions under certain circumstances, concerning specific property values, not encompassing extremely expensive subjects.

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    Legal Description

    Precise and accurate documentation of property location, essential for legal transactions and establishing ownership boundaries, avoiding ambiguity.

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    Market Extraction Method

    A method used in appraising properties to determine their value by evaluating similar properties in the market.

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    Cost to Cure Method

    A method used to determine the cost of repairing or correcting flaws or problems in a property.

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    Breakdown Method

    A method that breaks down a property's value into components (e.g., land, improvements), to evaluate the entire property.

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    Economic Age-Life Method

    A valuation method based on the economic lifespan of a property's improvements.

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    Improved Property Value > Demolition Cost

    Vacant land value is lower than the total value of an existing building.

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    Principle of Substitution

    A principle in appraisal stating that the maximum value of a property is set by a property of equal utility.

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    Joist

    A horizontal structural member used to support load in floor or ceilings.

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    Leasehold value

    The value of the tenant's right in a property under a lease.

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    Depth

    The distance from the front to the back of a property.

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    Plottage

    The added value created when combining two or more smaller parcels of land into a larger one.

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    Orientation

    The direction a building faces, often in relation to the sun.

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    Frontage

    The length of a property that borders a street or other access route.

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    Appraisal

    An opinion or estimate of the value of a property.

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    Sales Comparison Approach

    Estimating a property�s value by comparing it to similar recently sold properties.

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    Triple Net Lease

    A lease where the tenant pays all property expenses, including property taxes, insurance, and maintenance.

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    General Data

    Broad information about the economy, demographics, and market trends in a region.

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    Allodial System

    A system of land ownership where individuals hold absolute title to their property, free from feudal obligations.

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    Metes and Bounds System

    A method of describing property boundaries using compass directions, distances, and reference points.

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    Government Survey System

    A system dividing land into rectangular grids using townships, ranges, and sections.

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    Lot and Block System

    A system describing property by referencing its lot number within a recorded subdivision or plat.

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    Vertical Subdivision

    Dividing a multi-story building into separate ownership units, typically condominiums.

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    Incurable Physical Deterioration

    When the cost to repair damage to a property is greater than the increase in value after repairs. It's a permanent, often significant decline in value due to wear and tear.

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    Federally Related Transaction

    Any real estate transaction involving a loan from a federally insured bank, Fannie Mae, or a savings and loan borrowing from the Federal Reserve. These transactions are subject to federal regulations and disclosure requirements.

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    Economic Age

    A property's age as determined by its condition and remaining useful life, not its actual age.

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    Comparable Sale Age Limit

    A rule of thumb suggesting it's best to use comparable sales no older than 6 months to ensure market conditions haven't changed significantly.

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    Lot and Block Method

    A legal description for properties in subdivisions where each lot is assigned a unique number within a specific block.

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    Compounding Interest

    Interest earned not only on the initial investment but also on previously earned interest. This effect leads to faster growth over time.

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    Comparative Unit Method

    A simple cost estimation method for construction that compares similar projects and adjusts unit costs based on differences.

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    Functional Obsolescence (Superadequacy)

    A loss of value because a property's features are too good for the market, exceeding typical needs.

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    Income Approach to Value

    Estimates a property's value by analyzing its potential income.

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    Study Notes

    Final Exam (1-14) Study Notes

    • Quiz Instructions: This is a preview of the final exam.
    • Question 1: Profit is not an agent of production; land, labor, and capital are.
    • Question 2: A lien is a type of financial encumbrance.
    • Question 3: A self-employed appraiser who performs appraisals for clients is known as a fee appraiser.
    • Question 4: Accepting an assignment with a predetermined outcome may violate the Conduct section of the Ethics Rule.
    • Question 5: The formula for the income approach to value is Value = Income × Rate of Return.
    • Question 6: When using sales comparison to value land, comparables must be similar in highest and best use, physical characteristics and degree of development but not necessarily similar improvements.
    • Question 7: An older house single bathroom and four bedrooms suffers from functional obsolescence.
    • Question 8: A kitchen is part of the living zone.
    • Question 9: Above-grade room count, age of property, and sales or financing concessions are considered for comparables only, not the subject property.
    • Question 10: For a property sale to reliably represent market value, the sale must have been on the open market a reasonable period, typical conditions, buyer/seller not under unusual pressure, and all cash rather than financed.
    • Question 11: An appraiser includes disclaimers, comparable property data, limiting conditions, and market trend data in appraisal reports to mitigate unwarranted conclusions.
    • Question 12: A state-licensed (not certified) appraiser can perform a federally related appraisal if the appraised property is residential.
    • Question 13: Martin County township with 75 degrees east and along Johnson Creek is a legal description.
    • Question 14: Community property is a method of property ownership. Other questions such as joint tenancy are not correct.
    • Question 15: External obsolescence includes issues like nearby paper mill, crime-ridden neighborhoods while outdated kitchen appliances are not.
    • Question 16: The principle of highest and best use determines value by the most profitable practical use of a property.
    • Question 17: Area's jobs next year, inadequate highway infrastructure, large landfills, and new environmental regulations are considered regional/community data for appraisals.
    • Question 18: The economic age-life method of estimating depreciation assumes a steady loss of value.
    • Question 19: A property's current use should change when vacant land value is greater than improved property value minus demolition cost.
    • Question 20: The purpose of the appraisal is not a consideration when determining what is to be appraised (The subject real property interest is).
    • Question 21: Because of a long lease, the value of the leasehold has dropped while the value of the leased fee has risen.
    • Question 22: The adjusted value indicators of four comparable sales are 418,000,418,000, 418,000,425,000, 454,000and454,000 and 454,000and455,000. The most probable transaction value indicated, after fewer adjustments to the first two comparables, is $439,500.
    • Question 23: Principle of substitution is the underpinning theory of the sales comparison method for valuation.
    • Question 24: A horizontal member supporting a floor or ceiling is a joist.
    • Question 25: A house with significant termite damage and costly repair exceeding the value increase, suffers from incurable physical deterioration.
    • Question 26: Transaction involving a loan made directly by a savings & loan institution does not qualify as a Federally related transaction.
    • Question 27: A house with a quality condition above average for its age displays effective age.
    • Question 28: Comparable sales older than 6 months usually are not considered because market conditions change.
    • Question 29: Lot and block method predominately describes farm properties.
    • Question 30: An investment with an 18% compound annual return of 1,000willbeworth1,000 will be worth 1,000willbeworth1,392.40 in two years.
    • Question 31: The simplest cost estimation method for construction is the comparative unit method.
    • Question 32: The length of property's boundary facing water or street is referred to as frontage.
    • Question 33: Appraisal defines the scientific or professional determination or opinion of a property's value.
    • Question 34: When performing sales comparison, subtract value of garage from the subject property cost and add the comparable's value to the comparable's price.
    • Question 35: Property taxes, hazard insurance and building maintenance are expenses for a commercial tenant with a triple net lease.
    • Question 36: An appraiser collecting employment and commuting patterns is gathering specific data.
    • Question 37: A 800,000annualincomepropertywitha12800,000 annual income property with a 12% capitalization rate has a value of 800,000annualincomepropertywitha126,666,667.
    • Question 38: A foundation supported by separate raised concrete blocks is referred to a pier and beam foundation.
    • Question 39: If a site's value is 100,000forresidentialand100,000 for residential and 100,000forresidentialand160,000 for commercial, with 20,000democost;theimprovedvalueforcommercialuseis20,000 demo cost; the improved value for commercial use is 20,000democost;theimprovedvalueforcommercialuseis180,000.
    • Question 40: The effective date of an appraisal is when the appraisal report is issued.
    • Question 41: R-value in house construction is a concern when evaluating insulation.
    • Question 42: The unit-in-place method estimates construction costs by measuring quantities and multiplying by unit costs.
    • Question 43: Gross living area is calculated using inside dimensions, excluding the garage.
    • Question 44: Using a gross income multiplier and comparable sales, the value is estimated as $224,000.
    • Question 45: Description of improvements in the URAR form does not include view.
    • Question 46: The mettes and bounds system uses a point of origin.
    • Question 47: Horizontal subdivision enables division of multi-story condos.
    • Question 48: Five comparables provide a more reliable market representation.
    • Question 49: Interest is the return on invested capital.
    • Question 50: The formula for the cost approach is: Property value = Cost of Improvements - Depreciation + Land Value.

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