Reading & Writing: Principles and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which reading approach emphasizes the reader's existing knowledge and expectations in understanding a text?

  • Interactive
  • Iskima
  • Bottom-up
  • Top-down (correct)

Which element is LEAST relevant to consider when evaluating the validity of an idea or perspective presented in a text?

  • The evidence supporting the claim
  • The author's reputation
  • The author's potential biases
  • The length of the text (correct)

A literary critic argues that a novel's symbolism is derived from the author's personal experiences, which were not explicitly stated in the text. What reading skill is most indicative of the critic's interpretive approach?

  • Summarization
  • Prediction
  • Literal comprehension
  • Inference (correct)

Which of the following outlines the correct sequence of steps in the reading process, emphasizing a comprehensive understanding?

<p>Perception, comprehension, reaction, assimilation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using textual exposition in academic writing?

<p>To clarify and present knowledge connected to a specific topic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of academic research, why is it essential to determine the author's perspective or point of view when analyzing a text?

<p>To identify potential biases and underlying assumptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating the reliability of online sources for academic research, what factor is MOST important in determining credibility?

<p>The author's credentials and affiliations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of academic reading, what does 'inferencing' primarily involve?

<p>Drawing conclusions based on implicit information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organizational pattern would be most effective for presenting the evolution of a scientific theory over time?

<p>Chronological (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the 'alternating' (halinhinan) and 'block' (isahan) methods of comparison and contrast?

<p>Alternating presents points for each subject sequentially, while block discusses one subject entirely before moving to the next (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When creating a summary (lagom) of an academic article, what is the most crucial element to include?

<p>A concise overview of the main points and arguments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In academic writing, what is the main purpose of using definition (depinisyon)?

<p>To clarify the meaning of terms and concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'intensive' (intensiv) definition from other types of definition?

<p>It uses three specific parts to explain the meaning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach begins with existing knowledge and builds upon it in order to analyze new information?

<p>Top-down processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant factor to consider when determining the tone (tono) of a text?

<p>The author's attitude toward the subject matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When presenting information in an expository text, which approach is MOST effective for clarifying complex ideas or concepts?

<p>Providing detailed definitions and explanations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In academic research, what is the primary purpose of using a thesaurus?

<p>To identify synonyms and related terms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN purpose of including a conclusion (kongklusyon) in an academic essay?

<p>To restate the thesis and summarize the main points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you differentiate between denotation and connotation?

<p>Denotation offers an objective dictionary definition while connotation refers to a word's implied or emotional associations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is the most important in identifying the main idea of a text?

<p>Identifying the topic and the author's point about it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is most suitable for organizing information about the stages of plant growth?

<p>Chronological order (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When analyzing an argument, what is the most crucial aspect to consider?

<p>The logical soundness and supporting evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone wants to determine the credibility of factual information found in the text, which aspects should they focus on?

<p>Evidence-based support presented in the text (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between 'simple' and 'complicated' enumeration?

<p>Simple enumeration states information briefly, while complicated enumeration explains information in paragraph form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would one employ the skill of prediction in reading?

<p>To anticipate events in a narrative like a novel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the sequential type (sikwensyal) of ordering events?

<p>Connecting related events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the least helpful for determining the meaning of unknown words?

<p>Your personal experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing research in an academic library, which resource is most helpful for finding articles, and publications in your field of study?

<p>The academic journal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the library resources is essential for expanding your vocabulary?

<p>The dictionary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Campbell Turabian style from other citation methods?

<p>It uses footnotes and bibliography entries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organizational structure is most suitable for explaining the causes and effects of climate change?

<p>Cause and effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of library resource would be most useful for finding current events and statistics?

<p>The almanac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of academic reading, what does 'assimilation' primarily involve?

<p>Combining new info into prior knowledge base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes 'extensive' (extensiv) definition?

<p>It broadens a definition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is most important when reading academic texts?

<p>Critical thinking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about skimming and scanning?

<p>Skimming involves quickly identifying the main ideas, scanning involves looking for specific information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a valid conclusion?

<p>Implication derived from the reading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of text structure is primarily used to show the relationship between two different ideas or concepts?

<p>Compare and contrast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pagbasa

Pagkilala at pagkuha ng mga ideya at kaisipan.

Pagbasa

Bahagi ng pakikipagtalastasan.

Psycholinguistic guessing game

Paghula, paghahaka, paghihinuha, prediksyon.

Persepsyon

Pagkilala, pagbigkas nang wasto.

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Komprehensyon

Pagpoproseso, pag-unawa.

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Reaksyon

Paghahatol o pagpapasya.

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Asimilasyon

Pagsasama, pag-uugnay.

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Bottom-up

Nagsisimula sa teksto (bottom) patungo sa mambabasa (up).

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Top-down

Nagsisimula sa mambabasa patungo sa teksto.

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Interaktiv

Nagaganap ang interaksyong awtor-mambabasa at mambabasa-awtor (bi-directional).

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Iskima

May ideya sa nilalaman ng teksto.

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Tekstong Ekspositori

Nagpapaliwanag o naglalahad ng kaalaman konektado sa paksa.

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Depinisyon

Pagbibigay kahulugan (termino, uri, natatanging katangian).

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Sinonim

Katulad

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Intensiv

Paggamit ng tatlong nabanggit na parts.

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Extensiv

Pinalalawak ang kahulugan.

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Detonasyon

Diksyonaryo.

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Konotasyon

Matalinhagang kahulugan.

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Simple

Pagtatalakay sa pangunahing paksa.

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Komplikado

Pamamaraang patalata.

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Sikwensyal

Pangyayaring magkakaugnay sa isa't-isa.

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Kronolojikal

Batay sa isang tiyan na varyabol.

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Prosijural

Serye ng gawain.

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Halinhinan

Alternating.

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Isahan

Block.

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Problema at Solusyon

Pagtalakay sa suliranin at paglalapat ng kalutasan.

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Sanhi at Bunga

Tinatalakay ang sanhi at epekto ng isang bagay.

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Paksang pangungusap

Pangunahing tema sa pagpapalawak ng ideya.

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Suportant detalye

Nagpapalawak, nagbibigay-linaw.

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Damdamin

Saloobin ng MAMBABASA.

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Tono

Saloobin ng AWTOR.

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Opinyon

Pahayag ng tao.

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Katotohanan

Faktwal.

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Paghihinuha at paghuhula

Tungkol saan, ano ang mangyayari, bakit nangyari.

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Inferensing

Tumutukoy sa kakayahang tukuyin ang isang bagay na hindi pa alam batay sa ilang clues.

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Paghuhula

Kadalasan gamit sa kwento at nobela.

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Lagom

Buod.

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Kongklusyon

Tumutukoy sa implikasyong mahahango sa isang binasang teksto.

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Study Notes

  • The document contains information, principles, and concepts in reading and writing

Talino (Talent)

  • Defined as a unique human investment
  • Requires intense and extensive reading
  • Opens doors to all knowledge and disciplines

Pagbasa (Reading)

  • It is defined as the recognition and retrieval of ideas and thoughts
  • It is also the understanding of the author's language

Pagbasa (Reading)

  • Reading is part of communication
  • It is a psycholinguistic guessing game involving guessing, hypothesizing, inferring, and prediction

Proseso at Katangian sa Pagbasa (Process and Characteristics in Reading)

  • Pagbasa involves perception, comprehension, reaction, and assimilation
  • Perception involves accurate recognition and pronunciation
  • Comprehension involves processing and understanding
  • Reaction involves judgment or decision-making
  • Assimilation involves integration and association

Paglalarawan sa Pagbasa (Description of Reading)

  • There are no impossibilities in reading
  • It is a thought process
  • It involves sensation (Braille) for the blind
  • Effective reading is interactive
  • There are many barriers to understanding
  • Good readers are sensitive and quick to understand

Mga Pananaw o Teorya sa Pagbasa (Perspectives or Theories in Reading)

  • Bottom-up: Traditional, starts with the text (bottom) towards the reader (up)
  • Top-down: Holistic, inside-out or conceptually-driven, starts with the reader towards the text
  • Interactive: Involves author-reader and reader-author interaction (bi-directional)
  • Schema: Has an idea of the text's content

Tekstong Ekspositori (Expository Text)

  • Explains or presents knowledge connected to the topic
  • Clarifies questions
  • Written by writers with sufficient skill
  • A. Definition: Giving meaning (term, type, unique characteristic)

Tatlong uri ng pagbibigay kahulugan (Three types of definitions)

  • Synonym - similar
  • Intensive - using the three mentioned parts
  • Extensive - expands the meaning

Paraaan ng pagbibigay depinisyon (Ways of defining)

  • Denotation - dictionary definition
  • Connotation - figurative meaning

Pag-iisa-isa o Enumerasyon (Listing or Enumeration)

  • Simple: Discusses the main topic
  • Complex: Paragraph form

Pagsusunod-sunod o Order (Sequence or Order)

  • A. Basic Type
  • Sequential: Events are interconnected
  • Chronological: Based on a time variable
  • Procedural: A series of tasks

Paghahambing at Pagkokotrast (Comparison and Contrast)

  • Similarities and differences
  • Halinhinan (alternating)
  • Isahan (block)

Problema at Solusyon (Problem and Solution)

  • Discusses the problem and applies the solution

Sanhi at Bunga (Cause and Effect)

  • Discusses the cause and effect of something

MGA KASANAYAN SA AKADEMIKONG PAGBASA (ACADEMIC READING SKILLS)

  • Pag-uuri ng mga ideya at detalye (Classifying Ideas and Details)
  • Paksang pangungusap - pangunahing tema sa pagpapalawak ng ideya (Topic sentence - main theme in expanding the idea)
  • Suportant detalye - nagpapalawak, nagbibigay-linaw (Supporting details - expanding, providing clarification)

Pagtukoy sa lauyin ng teksto (Identifying the author's intent)

  • Ano ang nais mangyari ng awtor (What the author wants to happen)
  • Mahihinuha sa salitang ginamit (Inferred from the words used)

Pagtiyak, damdamin, tono, at pananaw ng teksto (Determining feelings, tone, and point of view of the text)

  • Damdamin - saloobin ng MAMBABASA (Feeling - attitude of the READER)
  • Tono - saloobin ng AWTOR (Tone - attitude of the AUTHOR)
  • Pananaw - punto de vista (Point of view)

Pagkilala sa pagkakaiba ng opnyon at katotohanan (Recognizing the difference between opinion and fact)

  • Opinyon - pahayag ng tao (Opinion - statement by a person)
  • Katotohanan - faktwal (Fact - factual)

Pagsusuri kung valid o hindi ang ideya o pananaw (Analyzing whether the idea or perspective is valid or not)

  • Sino ang nagsabi / awtoridad, ano ang naging batayan gaano katotoo (Who said it / authority, what was the basis and how true)

Paghihinuha at paghuhula (Inferring and Predicting)

  • Tungkol saan, ano ang mangyayari, bakit nangyari (What is it about, what will happen, why did it happen)

Paghihinuha (Inference)

  • Inferensing - tumutukoy sa kakayahang tukuyin ang isang bagay na hindi pa alam batay sa ilang clues (Inferring - refers to the ability to identify something that is not yet known based on some clues)

Paghuhula (Guessing)

  • Prediksyon - kadalasan gamit sa kwento at nobela (Prediction - usually used in stories and novels)

Pagbuo ng Lagom at kongklusyon (Creating a Summary and conclusion)

  • Lagom - buod (Summary - summary)
  • Kongklusyon - tumutukoy sa implikasyong mahahango sa isang binasang teksto (Conclusion - refers to the implications that can be drawn from a read text)

Pagbibigay interpretasyon sa mapa, tsart, grap, at talahanayan (Interpreting maps, charts, graphs, and tables)

  • Mapa, Tsart. Graf. at Talahanayan - presentasoyng biswal na madaling unawain (Maps, Charts, Graphs. and Tables - visual presentations that are easy to understand)
  • Mapa - lokasyon (Map - location)
  • Tsart - Estruktura (Chart - structure)
  • Grap - dayagram (Graph - diagram)
  • Talahanayan - tabular (Table - tabular)

MGA KASANAYAN SA PAMPAG-AARAL SA PAG-UNAWA AT MGA BAGAY NA MAAARING SANGGUNIAN SA AKLATAN (STUDY SKILLS IN UNDERSTANDING AND THINGS THAT CAN BE REFERENCES IN THE LIBRARY)

  • Ang paksa at pagtukoy sa impormasyon (The subject and identification of information)
    • Mapanahon (Timely)
    • May saklaw (Has scope)
    • Nakawiwili (Interesting)
    • May batayan (Has a basis)
    • Tiyak (Specific)
  • Ang pagsulat ng impormasyon (The writing of information)
    • Pagsisipi - tiyak at mismong salita (Copying - exact and in its own words)
    • Paglalago - inedit (Growth - edited)
  • Mga dapat tandaan sa pagkuha ng impormasyon (Things to remember when retrieving information)
    • Kailangan ang pinagkunan ay isinulat ng isang mapagkakatiwalaang may-akda o institusyon (The source must be written by a trusted author or institution)
    • Tignang mabuti kung paano isinulat ang mga impormasyon (kung maraming pagkakamali sa pagbaybay o paggamit ng salita, maaaring hindi ito dumaan sa pagsusuri) (Look closely at how the information is written (if there are many errors in spelling or word usage, it may not have been reviewed))
    • Kung ang paksa ay tungkol sa medisina, siyensiya, o teknolohiya, dapat ay maghanap ng pinakabagong artikulo o datos (If the topic is about medicine, science, or technology, you should look for the latest articles or data)
  • Paggamit ng mga sangunian (Using references)
    • Kard Katalog (Card Catalog)
    • Uri: Paksa (subject), Awtor (author), Pamagat (title) (Types: Subject, Author, Title)
  • Mga bagay na maaaring sanggunian sa aklatan (Things that can be referenced in the library)
    • Diksyunaryo (Dictionary)
    • Tesawro (thesaurus)
    • Ensayklopedia (Encyclopedia)
    • Almanac
    • Atlas
    • Pahayagan (Newspaper)
    • Internet
    • Magasin (Magazine)
    • Akademikong Dyornal (Academic Journal)
    • Direktoryo (Directory)
  • Istilo ng pagsulat ng sanggunian (Style of writing a reference)
    • Campbell turabian style - may sinusunod na talababa (footnote) o bibliografi (Campbell turabian style - with footnotes or bibliography)
    • APA style - wala na ang talababa (APA style - no footnotes)

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Explore key principles and concepts in reading and writing, including the definition of talent, the reading process, and its characteristics. Understand the importance of reading as a part of communication and a gateway to knowledge. Covers perception, comprehension, reaction, and assimilation in reading.

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