Reading Patterns Chapter 5 Flashcards

Patterns of Organization

• Eight primary types of organization: chronological order and narration, definition and classification, exemplification, cause and effect, comparison and contrast, process, problem and solution, and argument.

Transitions

• Essential for linking ideas.
• Examples of transitions include: "for example," "second," "in contrast," "because," and "therefore."

Functions of Transitions

• Create connections between clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and sections for clearer reading.

Chronological Order

• Information is structured according to the order of occurrence in time, commonly used in historical contexts.
• A timeline visually represents the sequence of events.

Narration

• Communicates information through storytelling, common in literature and textbooks.
• Techniques include flashbacks and non-linear narratives.

Transition Signals for Chronological Order & Narration

• Time-related words: "then," "when," "after," "before," "finally," etc., indicate time relationships.

Definition

• Clarifies a term or concept, answering "What is it?"

Classification

• Groups items into categories, addressing "What kinds or types are there?"

Transitions for Definition

• Set apart by commas, phrases include: "is," "are," "could be defined as," and "means."

Transitions for Classification

• Phrasing for categorization includes: "first type," "second kind," and "another group."

Exemplification

• Provides supporting examples to reinforce the main idea.
• Can be integrated with other organizational patterns.

Transition Signals for Exemplification

• Words such as "for example," "in fact," and "furthermore" denote examples; often bulleted or numbered.

Cause & Effect

• Explores the reasons behind events (cause) and their outcomes (effect).
• Charts help visualize these relationships.

Transition Signals for Cause & Effect

• Causal words: "because," "since," and "lead to;" effect indicators include: "therefore," "as a result," and "consequently."

Comparison & Contrast

• Addresses similarities (comparison) and differences (contrast) between items.
• Visual aids like Venn diagrams clarify the relationships.

Transition Signals for Comparison & Contrast

• Words for comparison: "similarly," "likewise;" words for contrast: "nevertheless," "however."

Process

• Details a sequence of steps, often formatted as numbered lists or flowcharts.

Transition Signals for Process

• Phrases include: "how to," "the steps to follow," and indicate sequence with "first," "second," "third."

Problem and Solution

• Introduces a problem followed by an explanation and potential solutions; often employs cause and effect.
• Charts and bulleted lists can organize information effectively.

Transition Signals for Problem & Solution

• Problem indicators: "need," "dilemma," and solution prompts: "propose," "suggest," "improve."

Argument

• Presents a stance, persuading the reader towards a preferred solution while using logic and emotional appeals.
• Facts are used to help the reader form their own conclusions.

Transition Signals for Argument

• Words include: "argue," "strongly recommend," and "convince," often organized in a chart for clarity.