Reading Comprehension and Grammar Skills

Definition: Ability to understand, analyze, and interpret written texts.
Key Strategies:
- Previewing: Skimming the text to get an overview.
- Questioning: Asking questions about the text to enhance understanding.
- Summarizing: Writing a brief summary of the main ideas.
- Making Inferences: Reading between the lines to understand implied meanings.
- Visualizing: Creating mental images based on the text.
Types of Texts:
- Narrative: Tells a story with characters and a plot.
- Expository: Presents facts and information.
- Persuasive: Aims to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint.

Parts of Speech:
- Nouns: Names of people, places, or things.
- Verbs: Action or state of being words.
- Adjectives: Describe nouns.
- Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
- Pronouns: Replace nouns (e.g., he, she, they).
- Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words.
- Conjunctions: Connect words or groups of words.
Sentence Structure:
- Simple: Contains a subject and a verb.
- Compound: Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
- Complex: Contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- Compound-Complex: At least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Punctuation:
- Periods: End of a statement.
- Commas: Separate items in a list, clauses, and introductory elements.
- Semicolons: Link closely related independent clauses.
- Apostrophes: Show possession or form contractions.

Strategies:
- Context Clues: Use surrounding text to infer meanings of unknown words.
- Word Mapping: Break down words into roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
- Synonyms and Antonyms: Learn words with similar and opposite meanings.
- Flashcards: Create cards with new words and definitions for active recall.
- Reading Diverse Materials: Engage with various genres to encounter new vocabulary.
Resources:
- Thesauruses: Find synonyms and antonyms.
- Dictionaries: Look up definitions and pronunciations.
- Vocabulary Apps: Use digital platforms for interactive learning.
Practice:
- Daily reading: Incorporate new words into conversation and writing.
- Writing exercises: Use new vocabulary in sentences and paragraphs.

Capacity to understand, analyze, and interpret written texts effectively.
Key Strategies aid in improving comprehension:
- Previewing provides an overview of the text by skimming.
- Questioning encourages active engagement by prompting queries about the content.
- Summarizing involves condensing the main ideas into brief statements.
- Making Inferences requires interpreting implicit meanings that are not directly stated.
- Visualizing enhances understanding by forming mental images related to the text.
Types of Texts to practice comprehension skills:
- Narrative texts include stories, featuring characters and a storyline.
- Expository texts deliver factual information and detailed explanations.
- Persuasive texts seek to convince the reader of a specific viewpoint or argument.

Parts of Speech are the building blocks of sentences:
- Nouns identify people, places, or things.
- Verbs express actions or states of being.
- Adjectives provide descriptions for nouns.
- Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs for more detail.
- Pronouns are used to replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it).
- Prepositions clarify relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words.
- Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses for coherence.
Sentence Structure dictates how ideas are expressed:
- Simple sentences consist of one independent clause.
- Compound sentences consist of two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
- Complex sentences include an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- Compound-Complex sentences feature multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Punctuation marks provide clarity and meaning in writing:
- Periods signal the end of a statement.
- Commas separate items in lists, clauses, and introductory phrases.
- Semicolons connect closely related independent clauses for nuanced meaning.
- Apostrophes indicate possession or create contractions.

Strategies enhance vocabulary retention and usage:
- Context Clues assist in deducing meanings of unfamiliar words from surrounding text.
- Word Mapping breaks down complex words into their roots, prefixes, and suffixes for better comprehension.
- Synonyms and Antonyms help expand vocabulary by learning related and opposite words.
- Flashcards are effective tools for active recall of new words and their definitions.
- Reading Diverse Materials exposes learners to various texts, enriching vocabulary.
Resources offer support in vocabulary enhancement:
- Thesauruses are used to discover synonyms and antonyms.
- Dictionaries provide definitions and correct pronunciations.
- Vocabulary Apps offer interactive learning opportunities for word practice.
Practice ensures integration of new vocabulary:
- Daily reading encourages the use of new words in conversation and writing.
- Writing exercises challenge learners to incorporate newly learned vocabulary into coherent sentences and paragraphs.