Reading and Writing Skills Quiz

Affixes and Prefixes

• A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g., ab- means away from).
• A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g., -ion means act of).

Infectional Endings

• Infectional endings (-s, -es, -ing, -ed) change a noun from singular to plural (e.g., dancing, danced, dances).

Using Contextual Clues

• Consider the meaning of the whole sentence to get the meaning of an unfamiliar term.
• Examples:
  • Toxins means anything harmful to the body.
  • Use of sense of sentence as context clues to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Comprehensive Reading

• Comprehensive reading is the understanding of what you read.
• It involves inferring, applying, and synthesizing information from the text.

Levels of Comprehension

• Literal comprehension: understanding the text's message.
• Inferential comprehension: inferring from implied information.
• Applied comprehension: integrating experiences and prior knowledge to evaluate the text.

Reading and Writing Skills

• Reading is a decoding process and a comprehension process.
• According to David (2005), reading is a process of involving the readers into an interaction with the text and enables them to use the reading strategies in getting the meaning of the printed text.

Text as Connected Discourse

• Reading comprehension is the active process of constructing meaning from text.
• It involves the use of knowledge, experience, and thinking in getting the meaning of the text.

The Reading Process

• Stage 1: Pre-reading (set purpose, activate old knowledge, decipher unfamiliar words).
• Stage 2: During reading (grasp meaning by connecting to old knowledge or schema).
• Stage 3: Post-reading (establish connection between what is learned and what is known).

Techniques in Reading

• Skimming: strategy to get only the main ideas of a written text.
  • Previewing: general look at the material.
  • Overviewing: look at the title, chapter, or heading.
  • Surveying: rundown from first section to the last section.
• Scanning: search for specific information.
• Comprehensive: processing of the text for full understanding of the material.
• Critical: analysis of the claims presented in the text.

Using Contextual Clues

• Context clues are words, phrases, and sentences that help decipher the meaning of difficult words.
• Use of synonyms and antonyms as context clues to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words.
• Examples:
  • Use of synonyms (e.g., solace – comfort – in the country side).
  • Use of antonyms (e.g., guileless means innocence and no deception).