Reading Analog Clocks

Telling Time

Analog Clocks

• An analog clock is a circular clock with hands that rotate to show the time.
• The clock has:
  • Short hour hand (hour pointer)
  • Long minute hand (minute pointer)
  • Optional: second hand (second pointer)

Reading an Analog Clock

• Identify the hour: look at the hour hand and find the number it is closest to on the clock face.
• Identify the minutes: look at the minute hand and count the number of minutes past the hour.
• Example: hour hand on 5 and minute hand on 8, the time is 5:40.

Digital Clocks

• A digital clock displays the time in numeric format using hours and minutes.
• Example: 12:45

Telling Time to the Hour and Half Hour

• On the hour: the hour hand is on a number and the minute hand is on the 12.
• Half hour: the hour hand is on a number and the minute hand is on the 6.

Telling Time to the Quarter Hour

• Quarter past: the minute hand is on the 3.
• Quarter to: the minute hand is on the 9.

AM/PM

• AM (Ante Meridiem): morning hours, from 12:00 to 11:59.
• PM (Post Meridiem): afternoon and evening hours, from 12:00 to 11:59.

Common Time-Telling Conventions

• Midnight: 12:00 AM
• Noon: 12:00 PM
• 12:01 AM: one minute after midnight
• 11:59 PM: one minute before midnight

Telling Time

Analog Clocks

• An analog clock has three hands: short hour hand, long minute hand, and optional second hand.

Reading an Analog Clock

• Identify the hour by looking at the hour hand and finding the closest number on the clock face.
• Identify the minutes by looking at the minute hand and counting the number of minutes past the hour.
• Example: If the hour hand is on 5 and the minute hand is on 8, the time is 5:40.

Digital Clocks

• A digital clock displays the time in numeric format using hours and minutes.
• Example: 12:45 is displayed on a digital clock.

Telling Time to the Hour and Half Hour

• On the hour: the hour hand is on a number and the minute hand is on the 12.
• Half hour: the hour hand is on a number and the minute hand is on the 6.

Telling Time to the Quarter Hour

• Quarter past: the minute hand is on the 3.
• Quarter to: the minute hand is on the 9.

AM/PM

• AM (Ante Meridiem) represents morning hours, from 12:00 to 11:59.
• PM (Post Meridiem) represents afternoon and evening hours, from 12:00 to 11:59.

Common Time-Telling Conventions

• Midnight is 12:00 AM.
• Noon is 12:00 PM.
• 12:01 AM is one minute after midnight.
• 11:59 PM is one minute before midnight.

Time Conversion

Time Units

• 1 second is equal to 1000 milliseconds
• 1 minute consists of 60 seconds
• 1 hour is composed of 60 minutes, which is equivalent to 3600 seconds
• 1 day is made up of 24 hours, which is equal to 1440 minutes, or 86400 seconds

12-Hour and 24-Hour Clocks

12-Hour Clock

• Uses AM (Ante Meridiem) to denote morning hours
• Uses PM (Post Meridiem) to denote afternoon and evening hours

24-Hour Clock

• Uses a 24-hour format
• 12:00 PM is equivalent to 12:00
• 12:00 AM is equivalent to 00:00

Converting between 12-Hour and 24-Hour Clocks

• AM hours remain the same during conversion
• PM hours require adding 12 to the hour during conversion

Time Zones

Definition

• A time zone is a region that follows a uniform standard time
• Time zones are usually based on the mean solar time at a specific meridian

Time Zone Identification

• Time zones are identified by their offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
• The offset ranges from UTC-12 to UTC+12

Examples of Time Zones

• UTC-5: Eastern Standard Time (EST)
• UTC+1: Central European Time (CET)
• UTC+8: China Standard Time (CST)