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Which metal is commonly used in electroplating to provide a shiny surface on objects?
The potato can be used as a battery due to the presence of phosphoric acid.
True
What is the process used to coat a layer of metal on the surface of another metal called?
Electroplating
Electrolytes are used in the electroplating process to allow __________ to transfer between metals.
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Match the following metals with their reactivity with water:
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What happens when iron is painted to prevent rust?
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Corrosion is a form of tarnish that affects only copper metals.
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What gas is produced when metals react with acids?
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When sodium reacts with water, it produces __________ and hydrogen.
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Match the following reactions with their outcomes:
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Study Notes
Reactivity of Metals
- Metals react with different substances, including water, acids, and oxygen.
- The reactivity of metals determines how readily they react with other substances.
- More reactive metals tend to react faster and more vigorously.
Metal Reactions with Water
- Some metals react with cold water, while others require hot water.
- Sodium reacts vigorously with cold water, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
- The reactivity of metals with water increases as you move down the reactivity series.
Making Electricity from Metals
- Electricity can be generated by placing two different metals in a salt solution.
- Iron and copper metals, connected by wires and placed in a salty or acidic solution can create an electric current.
Electroplating
- Electroplating coats a layer of one metal onto the surface of another.
- Gold-plated jewelry, nickel and copper-plated coins are everyday examples of electroplated objects.
- The process involves passing an electric current through a solution of electrolytes, transferring metal ions from the donor metal to the recipient metal.
Rusting
- Rusting is the corrosion of iron, forming a reddish-brown oxide (iron oxide).
- Rusting requires oxygen and water to occur.
- Protective coatings like paint prevent rust by creating a barrier between the iron and its surrounding environment.
Metal Reactions with Acids
- Many metals react with acids to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
- The reaction produces hydrogen gas, which can be observed as bubbles.
- A lighted splint held near the test tube will ignite with a squeaky pop sound, indicating the presence of hydrogen gas.
The Reactivity Series of Metals
- The reactivity series of metals is a list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive metal at the top.
- Metals higher in the reactivity series react more readily than those lower in the series.
Corrosion vs. Tarnish
- Corrosion refers to a chemical reaction between a metal and its environment, often with oxygen and water, leading to a change in the metal's surface.
- Tarnish is a thin layer that forms on the surface of a metal when it reacts with substances in the air, often resulting in a discoloration or dullness.
- Copper's corrosion forms a green layer known as verdigris.
Potato Battery
- A potato battery demonstrates that electricity can be generated through a chemical reaction between a metal and an acidic substance.
- The potato provides the acidic environment needed for the reaction.
- By inserting different metals into the potato (like zinc and copper), an electric current can be generated.
Investigating Rusting:
- Observe and record the different factors that affect the rate of rusting, such as the presence of water, oxygen, and salt.
- Conduct experiments to determine the most effective methods for preventing rust, such as applying protective coatings, using galvanization, or using cathodic protection.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of metal reactivity, including how metals interact with water, acids, and oxygen. Learn about generating electricity through metal reactions, and discover the process of electroplating. This quiz will test your knowledge of these essential concepts in chemistry.
