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Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations and Hybridization

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Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations and Hybridization

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the increased stability of aromatic compounds?

High bond angles due to steric hindrance

Resonance stabilization due to delocalization of π electrons (correct)

Higher bond energy due to multiple bonds between carbons

Increased electron-nucleus attraction due to high electronegativity of carbon

What is the bond length of each C-C bond in benzene?

1.39 Å (correct)

1.50 Å

1.34 Å

1.44 Å

Who is credited with discovering benzene?

Friedrich Wöhler

August Kekulé

Michael Faraday (correct)

Johannes Wislicenus

What is the approximate bond angle in benzene?

120° (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of aromatic compounds like benzene?

Planar (D) Signup and view all the answers

What inspired August Kekulé to propose the correct structure of benzene?

A dream about a serpent eating its own tail (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having more s character in the hybrid orbitals of an atom?

The atom becomes more electronegative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a positively charged carbon atom with a valence of +3?

Carbenium ion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the nomenclature for carbocations?

G.A. Olah (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the number of electrons in the outer valence shell of a carbocation?

Sextet (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction type in which carbocations are involved as reactive intermediates?

SN1 and E1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ion whose NMR spectrum was published by Doering et al. in 1958?

Heptamethylbenzenium ion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of homoaromatic compounds?

Presence of a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom interrupting conjugation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for a molecule to exhibit homoaromaticity?

One or more homoconjugative interactions closing cyclic conjugation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of homoaromatic compounds?

Presence of a carbocation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between aromatic and homoaromatic compounds?

Presence of an sp3 hybridized carbon atom (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criterion for homoaromaticity?

Effective overlap between the π-orbitals of the cyclic system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of homoaromatic compounds?

They display aromatic behavior despite an sp3 hybridized carbon atom (A) Signup and view all the answers